Groupon Essay

1. IntroductionGroupon is a broadcast-of-the day internet start-up society that was launched in 2008 in Chicago. The website asseverates discounted do its for local anesthetic as easy up as field of study companies. at present operating in to a greater extent than 150 markets as diverse as the united States, Canada, Taiwan, Brazil, Europe, South America, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, brinyland china, Russia and many more. Consequently in that location is no doubt that this caller is a transnational enrolprise (MNE). Groupon had 35 million registered users by October 2010 and thus has been one of the fastest growing occupationes in the world (Lacrote, 2011). According to Andrew Mason, fo low and CEO, Groupon was founded to be the first company to pop the question the very best deals available. This could only if be done by contacting local merchants directly which gave Groupon its competitive utility. utilize this local reactiveness Groupon is able to of fer the best deals every day within 24 hours (Cutler, 2010).The aim of this composing is to analyze how successful Groupons globular schema tramp be implemented worldwide. Firstly an boilersuit impression of Grouponsbusiness share model and organizational social organisation is given. Secondly a deeper insight in the incarnate dodging as well as the global strategy is provided. moreoer the unsuccessful foundation to China is analyzed and evaluated. Finally this paper conducts to what uttermost Groupon washbasin be considered socially responsible for(p) before a decisiveness is drawn in the last section.2. The air ModelGroupon is a multinational start-up company that offers one Groupon per day in each of their markets (Deborah, 2009). In the seed of the care for Groupon congregates with an cutting(prenominal) business to set up a deal for a certain harvest-festival or service. As a nigh step, both subtractiesnegotiate a minimum number of participants, which indu ct to press up for a deal to become available. In the end the footing discount of each voucher has to be identified. This price is paid by the end consumer and is usually split equally amidst Groupon and the merchant. The reason wherefore merchants are attracted to Groupons business model is that the high quantity sales of each voucher are very beneficial. In assenting, merchants profit from several(prenominal) marketing channels, which are use by Groupon. Thus a win-win smudge is created.3. Organizational StructureGroupons top-level corporate steering is based in Chicago. CEO, Andrew Mason and the most important worldwide functional managers navigate the global coordination from the headquarters. Top-level corporate managers provide direction and purpose, leverage corporate performance and guarantee continuing re tonical (Bartlett and Beamish, 2008). Hence, the most important strategical decisions are to be made in the headquarters. Groupons Geographic appurtenant Manage rs are schematic for certain geographicalal areas (Organizational Chart Groupon, 2012). Those managers have to interpret pagan differences on the one hand and implement the corporate strategy on the other(a) hand (Bartlett and Beamish, 2008). In nightspot for Groupon to be locally antiphonary the company is providing small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) from which they can manage their subdivisions in differentgeographic areas. For Groupon it is important that geographic subsidiaries have a high degree of freedom and thus act quicker and respond to local demand. As a result, Groupons subsidiary orientation can be considered geocentric because geographic managers make decisions or so local responsiveness temporary hookup headquarters decide on the overall corporate strategy (Perlmutter, V. 1969).4. Groupons corporate strategyAs Groupon is set up in many countries of the world, a global strategy has to be pursue on the one hand. This leads to a gain in commemorate eq uity, brand awareness and global efficiency. On the other hand Groupon offers national as well as local deals, which caused the business to act locally responsive as well. Groupon, for this reason, can be considered transnational, as the company acts more responsive to local needs while capturing the arrive ats of global efficiency (Bartlett and Beamish, 2008, p13). Todays MNEs compete in passing complex, diverse and constantly changing business environments. This is due to globalization of markets as well as acceleration of product and technology life cycles. Most importantly however is the intensification of global opposition for Groupon. Most online services are easy to imitate. Therefore it has been of utmost enormousness that Groupons managers take the right on actions and develop appropriate strategies. Groupon has entre to extremely educated international managers that sense and interpret complex and dynamic environmental changes.These managers have developed and integ rated multiple strategic capabilities in hostel to cope with todays business world. As it was very big(a) for Groupon to enter foreign markets, Groupon identified several companies that were interested in forming stick ventures. An important part of their global expansion strategy that was centrally managed from Chicago, was developing five pronged strategies that led to global efficiency and competitiveness. First of all, Groupon has introduced a coordination strategy that focuses on an analysis of various goods and services that would be move and appealing to the subscribers. Once these goods and services have been identified, Groupons managers start the process of initiating, negotiating, arranging, and executing. As soon as the coordination strategy is in place, Groupon discovers a set strategy. Due to the high discounts forcustomers on the one hand and the provision of highly effective marketing instruments for companies on the other hand a win-win deal is created. Groupo n sets a fixed price and a fixed deadline when the dealends.By doing so, the target group has limited time to purchase the offerings and is thitherfore under some pressure to buy the product instantly. In Addition, the deal only takes place when a minimum number of buyers are reached. This way the vendor obtains full planning certainty for the particular deals. A nonher important part of Groupons strategy is advertisement. Many companies find it interesting to offer products via Groupon because of their dull marketing activities they undertake. By advertising and selling the companys products, companies expediency of free marketing as Groupon only charges a fixed luck of the selling price. Product offering is the fourth of the five strategies they came up with. In this section, they chance on possible highly demanded products and undertake a lot of seek and carefully examine the preference of the people catering to the local market. Finally, Groupon added a special features st rategy in which they market their service as well as the products in a unique way.5. Groupons worldwide Strategy occasion ventures play an important role for Groupons expansion strategies. As Groupon has successfully started and expand their business in the United States they quickly completed that there is a high demand for deal of the day business overseas as well. One of the first market entries outside the United States was entering European market. Although well- completed companies were already the deal of the day their business model, Groupon was eventually able to welfare from those competitors. Oliver Samwer, founder of Citydeal was the first competitor who interacted with Groupon. Andrew Mason described this meeting as follows after(prenominal) a few days with Oliver Samwer and the rest of the Citydeal vigilance team, we realized that they were among the best operators wed ever met (Chan & Lee, 2011). after Groupon analysed the situation and realized that Citydeal was already dominating the European market. Competing with them would have been extremely difficult and risky as opening own facilities all across Europewould have been a substantial investment.As aresult, Groupon was rather interested in a acquisition and bought Citydeal in 2010 for 126 million dollars. This investment enabled Groupon to instantly gain access to the European market. Groupon was providing their experience from America, whereas they received local marketing expertise and well educated employees. When engaging in cross-border collaborations MNEs try to overcome any protectionist barriers as well as overcoming national regulations by having good political contacts. (Bartlett and Beamish, 2008) Nevertheless, those relationships ofttimes involve great risk as a substantial enumerate of capital investment is required. It is often uncertain whether companies can actually benefit from economies of scale and scope as well as arbitrage opportunities. To gild the source of formi ng competitive advantage more precisely this paper introduces the AAA-Framework by Ghemawat, 2005 (Appendix 1). In this model Groupon can be placed close to adaption as they attempt to act locally responsive by supplying their customers with national as well as local deals. Aggregation also plays a vital role because Groupon attempts to deliver economies of scale by creating regional () trading operations it involves standardizing the product () offering and grouping together the development and production processes. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011). more thanover, Groupon is hard to make use of arbitrage opportunities, which is the exploitation of differences between national and regional markets, often by locating separate parts of the supply range of a function in different places () (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011) However, arbitrage takes an inferior position as Groupon is providing a service and does not have production facilities.6. Groupons entry to ChinaAfter successfully expanding business into many markets before, Groupon ran into some difficulties when starting a join venture in China. Groupons general strategy when enteringnew markets is aggressively penetrating the market to gain market address very quickly. As competition in the market was a lot more intense than expected, this strategy did not work in China (Chao, 2012). Using a unified entrystrategy in every commonwealth without adapting to the differences, which are present in each market, is known as the United Nations Model (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1986). When Groupon entered the Chinese market they were proclaiming to become the biggest online shopping site right from the beginning. This arrogant attitude did not take any strong competitors in the Chinese market into account (Chao, 2012). Competitors knew exactly how to treat customers and vendors according to the Chinese circumstances. One example is that Groupon tried to split the profits with vendors equally. Local competitors were used to cha rging only ten percent, which gave vendors no incentive to consider Groupon (Chao, 2012). In addition to that, the world leader in the discount deal business did not consider hiring more than 2 Chinese managers in their senior management team. This resulted in very low local responsiveness, as western managers did not know the Chinese culture well enough (Chao, 2012). To overcome pagan difference Groupon startet a roast venture with the Chinese online deal website Tencent (Chan & Lee, 2011).This joint venture gave Groupon the opportunity to adapt a rather local strategy. It would have been easy to conduct from Tencent and employ a more responsive strategy afterwards. Again, Groupon did not take notice of the need to learn from this locally established company and hired expats to run operations around the country (Zhu, 2011). Consequently, there is evidence that Groupons competence of local organization in China has been very low. Since the Chinese market provides a significant pu rchasing power, China can be viewed as an environment of high importance for Groupon. A subsidiary that can be characterized by a high strategic importance and a low competence of local organization is called a blackamoor Hole (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1986). Managing once way out of a Black Hole is extremely difficult and Groupon would have to choose the right strategy to do so successfully. Bhattacharya and Michael describe in How Local Companies Keep at Bay that local companies can beatmultinational Enterprises by act several distinguishing strategies (Bhattacharya & Michael, 2008). As strong competition has been one of Groupons main problems when entering the Chinese market, in order to gain market share against local companies the MNE has to analyze how locals are able to outperform their global strategies. Afterwards those strategies haveto be used against the local companies (Bhattacharya & Michael, 2008). In the case at hand, Groupon would have to adapt to the locally responsiv e strategies and pair them with their own expertise.More specifically Groupon would need to start by learning from its venture follower and hiring local managers who know how the Chinese market works. Besides choosing the wrong entry strategy, Groupons low local competence was caused by ethical differences. On the one hand Chinese employees felt like they were not interact fairly when Goupon fired around 400 people in 2011 (Chao, 2011). On the other hand Groupon ran an offending advertisement during the Super Bowl in the USA (Chao, 2011). A solution to such a conflict of cultural tradition is for the manager to ask oneself if the companys practices would be delicious if the managers country were in a similar suppose (Donaldson, 1996). If Groupon is able to successfully implement those changes the national subsidiary would take the new role of a Strategic attracter. A Strategic Leader is characterized by a high competence of local organization and a high strategic importance of local environment (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1986).7. An evolving global roleMultinational enterprises are more and more responsible for the establishment of a tremendous gap between rich and poor all over the whole world. Using global strategies and exploiting economies of scale and scope can be viewed as very exploitative and irresponsible. To see if Groupon is acting socially responsible one can analyze the level of function bydistinguishing between four MNE postures. Firstly there is the exploitive MNE, which is known to use socially irresponsible opportunities to maximize profits. An exploitive company might take advantage of the cheapest possible workforce it can find by employing children in vulnerable environments working long hours. Secondly a transactional MNE is described. This posture is characterized by hard to maximize profits and acting socially responsible on the other hand. Those companies settle at the boarder to being socially irresponsible while not actively engagin g in any social efforts. thirdly there is the responsive MNE. In contrast to the transactional MNE the thirdposture is characterized by an active engagement into corporate citizenship behaviour.Finally the transformative MNE defines itself by taking responsibility to solve the problems in less developed countries in the world (Bartlett and Beamish, 2008). Applying Groupon to the MNE types, they can be classified as a responsive enterprise. Even though Groupon was criticized by some companies for being harmful to certain industries, a outstanding amount of social responsibility has been shown. Having noticed the ability to raise funds from groups of people, Groupon has established charity deals on their website. When customers buy one of those deals Groupon will check out the amount and donate everything for example to the Red Cross (Campbell, 2012).8. ConclusionThe Internet deal company Groupon was established in 2008 and became a multinational company in a very short period of time. The corporate structure is made of the main functional managers in the corporate headquarters and geographical subsidiary managers in each location. The fast growing business can be characterized as transnational because it is pursuing a global strategy while having a great focus on being locally responsive. In order to expand as rapidly as Groupon did, the cooperation had to take businesses in some countries and start joint ventures in others. As mentioned before, in most European countriesthis strategy worked out perfectly well. When Groupon decided to enter the Chinese market, however, some problems arose. Even though Groupon claimed to behave in a responsive manner they were reluctant to adapt locally responsive management practices in China. Consequently, the Chinese competition disabled Groupon from becoming market leader.To suffice the problem statement if Groupons global strategy can successfully be implemented worldwide a conclusion can be drawn. While Groupon implem ented the global strategy very successfully in the European market, there are some major difficulties when using the kindred strategy in China. To overcome those problems Groupon has to hire more Chinese managers in order to understand how the Chinese system works. Additionally, Groupon should use theopportunity to learn from their venture-partner Tencent. Finally it is important for Groupon to analyze the competitive advantages of the competition in order to beat the local leaders by using their own methods. approach back to Groupons overall strategy one can identify Groupon as a transactional company since it is actively engaging in corporate socially responsible activities.ReferencesBartlett, C. & Beamish, P. (2011). Transnational Management. New York, USA McGrawHill Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. (1986) Tap Your Subsidiaries for Global Reach. Harvard Business Review.Bhattacharya, A. & Michael, D. (2008). How Local Companies Keep Multinationals at Bay. Harvard Business Review.Cam pbell, L (2012,November 18). How Groupon and LivingSocial be Raising Millions for Charity Using Social Media. Socialmedia Today. Retrieved from http//socialmediatoday.comChan & Lee, (2011, February 28) Groupon Enters China, Teams with Tencent. Pedaily. Retrieved from http//www.pedaily.cnChao, L. (2012, August 24). Groupon Stumbles in China, Closes whatsoever Offices. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.comCutler, K. (2010, May 7). Groupon CEO Being in a band made my business rock. Social. Retrieved from http//venturebeat.com/Deborah, C (2009, June 10). Virtual tipping point leverages group. Reuters. Retrieved from http//www.reuters.comDonaldson, T. (1996). determine in Tension Ethics Away from Home. Harvard Business School concentrateLacrote , V. (2011, June 1). Groupon. Retrieved fromhttp//digitalstrategies.tuck.dartmouth.eduPerlmutter H. (1969). The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation. Columbia Journal of World BusinessZhu, J (2011, Novembe r 4). 4 Mistakes Behind Groupons Failure in China. technical school In China. Retrieved from http//www.techinasia.com

Narrator in the Cathedral Essay

In the report Cathedral, the author sh ares his experience with a art man, a friend of his married woman, who comes to discover their home. The author is troubled by the art mans tour for unclear reasons, nevertheless he attributes it to Roberts (the blind man) disability. The fabricator dislikes the blind and often refers to Robert as the blind man and was bothered by Roberts visit to their home. The bank clerks experience with the blind man is an eye opener to him and changes his eyeshot towards blind people and his relationship with his wife. This essay examines why the narrator unbroken his eyes closed at the end of the story, and the fate of his relationship with his wife after the experience with Robert. The idea that the narrator dislikes the blind when he is control to his own sight makes the story ironical. The narrators experience with the blind man (Robert) clearly shows his limitations in terms of his relationship with his wife and his vista towards the blind and liveliness.The narrator is insecure with Robert because Robert and his wife were once married (Carver, 1989). This reveals his negativity and crudeness. He talks in a wicked humor, showing how isolated he was from his behavior. He is jealous of the past relationship between Robert and his wife, which he tends to hide despite his apparent honesty (Carver, 1989). The narrator realizes a bulk about himself through his experience with Robert. He is always alone tally to his wife and he stays up watching television as she goes to bed (Carver, 1989). This shows a poor relationship between the narrator and his wife, as hygienic as the society. The narrator lives in isolation, which shows his adamant close-mindedness, apparently in his feelings and pre-convinced concepts of blindness. Robert appreciated the narrators wife more than the narrator did dapple the narrator is more than remote to her (Carver, 1989).He realizes this in their conversations that night and in his experienc e when conversing with Robert. The narrator realizes that Robert was better(p) than him, despite his inability to suck. When the narrator closes his eyes, he sees the reality that Robert has been trying to show him since they met. He realizes the importance of religion as He leads Roberts in drawing the Cathedral. Roberts final instruction to the narrator put some people in there now is a wakeup call to the narrator (Shmoop, 2010). Robert shows the narrator the power of faith in something great. The narrator withal realizes that relationships are not build by sight alone, but also by bear upon. The narrators wife described Roberts touch with passion, and when Robert squeezes the narrators hand upon meeting him. The narrator realizes that one shadow learn about a person through touch.The blind are not blinded by the physical world and they can see some greater truth (Shmoop, 2010). The narrators experience with Robert makes him look how he has been living blindly despite having sight. In the Cathedral, the narrator experiences a revelation that is both religious, and a social awakening. He gains literal, as well as figurative insights. The narrator learns to live a better life with his wife and other people. He appreciates Roberts company and the eye inception experience. The narrator and his wife will live a better life after the experience with Robert. This is because the narrators view of his wife has changed, and his green-eyed monster of her relationship with Robert would diminish as he now understands it better. The narrator has also accepted Christianity, meaning as a Christian, he will be open to his wife and the society thus, building a better relationship. He prefers closing his eyes to opening them since he sees the reality of his life better with his eyes closed than when opened.ReferencesCarver, R. (1989). Cathedral. Vintage Books.Shmoop. (2010). Cathedral Shmoop Literature Guide. Shmoop University Inc.

Water Molecules

I love to travel and rouse be tack In every home in the United States. I potbelly change into umpteen a(prenominal) different shapes and can go almost anywhere If I am given the chance. My story starts in a vigorous in my back yard at my home. I come from an impedance aquifer. I can travel through the pipes into my kitchen faucet. I expect many uses. I can be hot, warm or even cold. I can be mixed with dish soap in the kitchen cut down or ran through a dish slipstreamer to sportsmanlike the dishes.I can wash c fixhes or be used to cook with. I can be mixed with something or drank plain. There are a lot of foods made with me. I am used for many things. People clean with me. Drink me and cook with me. I travel swiftly and In many shapes. I also can rise Into the clouds and evaporate Into a gas. It starts to rain. I fall down to earth. I lay in puddles. The plants soak me up. rain down barrels fill with me in them and the animals drink me. Plants and animals cannot survive w ithout me. I have got the plants and grass grow.After lying on top of the soil for a while, what does not evaporate soaks into the soil. I am now groundwater traveling through the ground. I make my way back Into the underground aquifer and back Into my well. This Is a neer ending process. I start my cycle all over again. I am used many times thru out the day. I go through my cycle over and over each day and night. Everyone take me. Not everyone has loose access to me. Some people have easy access at their homes while others have to buy water or walk for miles to attain enough water to survive.In many cases water is world wasted. Hydrogen bonding holds water molecules together. At 32 degrees the kinetic cypher is so low that the water freezes. When the temperature rises the kinetic energy thaws and we then have liquid water again. When the molecules absorb energy from the sunlight evaporation takes ass and this is called water vapor which is the gas state. References Wright, r . , & bores, d. (2014). Water Hydrological Cycle and Human use. environmental Action.

Equilibrium: Supply and Demand and Price

Test Version A SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONS Mid-Term Assessment ECON 30110 Microeconomics II Time Allowed 50 bitutes Instructions for Candidates This exam counts for 30% of the mental faculty Grade. All questions carry equal marks. Note in that respect is NO banish marking Correct function is worth 1 mark. No exercise or more than one dissolvent, go away twain receive a 0 mark. Incorrect answer pass on receive a 0 mark. Attempt all 20 questions. Shade in the box in the appropriate space with a HB pencil on the retort piece of paper. Write the test version at the top of the RESPONSE SHEET You may use the paper provided to make notes or calculations to help you.Instructions for Invigilators foreign language/English dictionaries ar permitted. Non-Programmable Calculators atomic number 18 permitted NO MOBILE PHONES ALLOWED 1. If twain people in a pure exchange economy permit identical utility functions, indeed they a) may unavoidableness to raft if their bare(a) rates of substitution are different b) exit compliments to mountain if they are on the contract cut back c) pull up stakes not need to trade if their consumption bundles are not Pareto-efficient d) go out totally want to trade if they are not at their endowment e) may want to trade if the terms ratio is not equal to one nswer a If MRSA is not equal to MRSB, the two consumers allow be able to trim a mutually in effect(p) trade. Mutually beneficial trade ordain not occur only when the allocation of resources among A and B is already efficient. In the case of our two-consumer economy, MRSA=MRSB indicates an efficient allocation of healthys (on contract fold). 2. Suppose in a two-good (X and Y) two-person (Ann and Bob) exchange economy, the MRS for person A is YA/XA and the MRS for B is YB/XB. The kernel amount of X is 40 and the total amount of Y is 40.Ann has an sign endowment of 10 units of X and 30 of Y, while Bob has the remainder. This implies a) No trade allow take plac e. b) Ann will give out some of Y to Bob in exchange for X. c) Ann will give some of X to Bob in exchange for Y. d) Ann will give some of X and Y to Bob. e) at that place is no enough information to make whatsoever predictions Answer b MRSA = 30/10 = 3 Ann will give 3Y for 1X (or 1Y for 1/3X) MRSB = 10/30 = 1/3 . Bob will give 1Y for 3X (or 1X for 1/3Y) Ann will trade Y for X (gives 1Y for min 1/3X and Bob accepts .. n exchange for 1 Y will give up to 3X) 3. An Edgeworth quoin is shown for individuals A and B, along with the contract curve. Which of the allocations b through i can be r separatelyed through free trade from a, and once they sustain been reached no cross out ahead mutually beneficial trade is possible? a) Allocations b, e and f only b) Allocations c, i and f only c) Allocations d, c, i, g and h only d) Allocations c and i only e) None of these Answer d Given endowment a, only fates in spite of appearance the lens shaped area are mutually beneficial, or pareto high-performance (so points c, i and f).That is to say, any point outside of this lens would result in at least one of the individuals being worsened off compared with point a. However, at only the points on the contract curve illustrate outcomes that are pareto efficient where the indifference curves are just tangent (MRS of A and B are equal). That is to say, pareto efficiency think ofs that no one can be made better off without someone else being made worse off. So all the gains from trade are exhausted and no further mutually beneficial trade is possible. Point f is not on the contract curve, represents a case where MRS of A and B are different, and and whence a case where further mutually beneficial trade is possible. ) 4. An Edgeworth Box is shown for individuals A and B. The endowment point E represents the initial allocation of the goods X and Y. A worth simple eye is shown passing through points E, A and B, representing a presumptuousness bell ratio of PX/PY. At th is assumption charge ratio, which of the following statements is True? a) We are at a warring sense of proportion ) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the bell of good Y will rise and/or the determine of good X essential dip c) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the value of good X will rise and/or the expense of good Y must make up d) To achieve a competitive equilibrium the toll of both goods must rise e) We cannot achieve a competitive equilibrium habituated the initial endowment Answer b At the given price ratio, there is excess ask for Y and excess supply of X. This means that the price of good Y will rise and/or the price of good X must fall.Process continues until all excess want and supply are eliminated, and IC tangent to each other (on the Contract curve) and to the price line (which will now be flatter. So in the competitive equilibrium all commercializes clear, MRSA = MRSB = PX/PY. (see lecture overheads) 5. Suppose the takings possibilities for t wo countries, A and B, producing two goods, X and Y, are as follows A B X 2 7 Y 4 7 They can each produce any linear combination as well. Measuring X on the horizontal axis, the joint production possibility frontier a) will spin away from the job at 7 units of X. ) will veer toward the origin at 7 units of X. c) will kink away from the origin at 2 units of X d) will kink toward the origin at 2 units of X e) will not gravel a kink answer a conjointly the countries can produce either a total of 9X or 11Y. MRT of A is 4/ 2= -2 MRT of B is 7/7 = -1 Country B has comparative advantage in X (gives up 1Y for supererogatory 1X whereas country A needs to give up 2Y for an additional X). Country A has a comparative advantage in production of Y (gives up 1/2 X for additional 1Y whereas B must give up 1X for additional Y) Jointly past can produce 9 X and 0 Y or 11Y and 0 X.These define the pinks of the joint PPF. Kink arises where both countries specialise in good in which shoot a comparative advantage so B produces only X (i. e. 7X) and A produces only Y (i. e. 4Y) If jointly produce more than 7X then B produces only X, and A both X and Y (with MRT of -2). If jointly produce more than 4Y then A produces 4Y and B both X and Y (with MRT of -1). Hence answer a 6. Competition results in the efficient product mix because a) the slope of the production possibility frontier will equal the slope of the contract curve. b) the dispersion of the final outturn is Pareto efficient. ) producers are curryting MRT equal to minus the price ratio while consumers are ensnareting MRS equal to minus the price ratio ensuring that MRT will equal MRS. d) consumers are on the contract curve e) none of these answer c ( see ego assessment sheet 2, Q1, part iv. 7. One test of whether a soused is a increasing monopoly is to check whether the firm is in operation(p) in the expandable portion of its take up curve. Why is this a relevant test and what would the centering be if the firm were maximizing revenue? a) If a firm were operating in the dead portion of the demand curve, it could nobble its price and annex profit.Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 1. b) If a firm were operating in the inelastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. c) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 1. d) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. e) None of these. Answer a see lecture and also self assessment sheet 3, question 1 part (v) for related question) 8. cipher a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a merchandise demand function of Q = one C P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firms be of production are given by 40Q. The profit tap price is then given by a) P = ascorbic acid b) P = 60 c) P = 30 d) P = 70 e) None of these solution d Monopoly. proceedss ? = TR-TC Profit max where MR = MC Q = coulomb P and hence P = blow Q So TR = degree centigradeQ Q2 So MR = 100 2Q TC = 40Q so MC = 40 MR = MC implies 100 2Q = 40Thus Q = 30 Therefore P = 100 30 = 70 9. Consider a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a market demand function of Q =100 P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firms be of production are given by 40Q. Then the firms Lerner index is equal to a) 1/2 b) 3/4 c) 11/7 d) 1 e) None of these Answer e none of these From earlier question, optimal P = 70 Lerner index = (p-c)/p = (70 40)/70 = 30 / 70 = 3/7 10. This figure shows the demand and court curves veneering a monopoly. 80 60 40 20 800 600 400 two hundred 0 The deadweight loss of th e monopoly is a) 48000 ) 4000 c) 2000 d) 32000 e) None of these Answer c Draw in MR curve cuts horizontal axis at ? Q of demand function, and has same intercept at the D on the vertical axis. MR cuts horizontal axis at Q = 40 Setting MR = MC allows monopoliser to charge P = 600 (and output signal of Q = 20) (note alternatively, from picture can see that expression for demand function is P = 800 10Q .. when Q = 0 then P = 800 .. and slope given by 800 / 80 = 10 Hence, TR = 800Q 10 Q2 and so MR = 800 20Q. Set MR = MC we get Q = 20 and substituting into inverse demand we get P = 600) Competitive output occurs where P = MC = 400 and so Q = 40DWL = area of shaded triangle = ? (600 400) * (40 20) = 100*20 = 2000 11. Suppose a monopolists price elasticity of demand is 5, and the marginal cost of production equals 80. The monopolists profit maximising price is then equal to a) 75 b) 400 c) 16 d) 100 e) Cannot be computed with the information given Answer d Lerner index = (p-c)/p = 1/e So (p 80)/p = 1/5 Hence answer for p gives p = 100 12. If the government regulates a natural monopoly by forcing it to set a price equal to Marginal Cost then a) the natural monopoly will still make high profits. b) the natural monopoly will shut down ) the natural monopolys marginal cost curve will shift down. d) the natural monopolys marginal cost curve will shift up. e) the natural monopoly will earn zero profits answer b. Natural monopoly has MC below AC. So p = MC would mean loss which would mean exit 13. perfect price discriminating monopolist a) generates a deadweight loss to society. b) Provides quantity discounts to customers buying larger quantities c) charges each buyer her reservation price. d) charges different prices to each customer based upon different costs of delivery. e) reduces, but does not eliminate, consumer surplus nswer c see lecture. With perfect price discrimination each consumer charged reservation price, which allows monopolist to fully convey c onsumer surplus (so CS is zero) and taps total social welfare (so no deadweight loss) 14. A monopoly sells to two countries, and resales between the countries are impossible. The demand functions of the two countries are given as P1 = 100 Q1 P2 = 120 2Q2 The monopolists marginal cost is 30. The profit maximising monopolist will set prices as follows a) P1 = 65 and P2 = 75 b) P1 = 35 and P2 = 22. 5 c) P1 = 68. 33 = P2 d) P1 = 100 and P2 = 60 ) None of these Solution a Profit max monop will choose p1 to max profit in country 1, and choose p2 to max profit in country 2. We start two separate demand functions. Hence, this implies MR1 = MC and set MR2 = MC TC = 30Q TR1 = 100Q1 Q12 MR1 = 100 2Q1 = 30 MC Solving Q1 = 35 And hence P1 = 100 Q1 = 65 TR2 = 120Q2 2Q22 MR2 = 120 4Q2 = 30 MC Solving Q2 = 45/2 = 22 ? And hence P2 = 120 2Q2 = 120 45 = 75 15. both firms, A and B, selling identical products face an inverse market demand function given by P = 100 Q, and each have a const ant marginal cost of 40.The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. soused As reception function can then be written as f) qA = 30 qB g) qA = 30 + ? qB h) qA = 60 qB i) qA = 30 ? qB j) None of these Answer d DEMAND P = 100 Q two firms in the industry, so Q = qA + qB Hence we can write P =100 qA qB Profit function for firm A = TR TC = P qA C Thus, ? A = 100qA qA2 qAqB 40qA Firm A will choose qA to maximise profit, given the qB set by its rival B .. First order limit for profit maximisation then is A / ? qA = 100 2 qA qB 40 = 0Rearranging, we find qA = (60 qB) / 2 = 30 ? qB .. this is firm As reaction function in order to maximise its profit, firm A will choose and output qA that is a best response to qB equal firms, so similarly qB = 30 ? qA . this is firm Bs reaction function in order to maximise its profit, firm B will choose and output qB that is a best response to qA 16. 2 firms, A and B, selling identical products face an inverse ma rket demand function given by P = 100 Q, and each have a constant marginal cost of 40.The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. The equilibrium outcomes are k) P = 40 and qA = 30 = qB l) P = 60 and qA = 20 = qB m) P = 70 and qA = 15 = qB n) P = 100 and qA = 20 = qB o) None of these Answer b Solving reaction functions 1) qA = 30 ? qB 2) qB = 30 ? qA Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) we can then solve for the optimal qA that A should choose to maximise profits. qA = 30 ? (30 ? qA) qA = 20 Since we have identical firms, we know that similarly we can solve for qB = 20 merchandise quantity Q = qA+ qA = 40 And we can solve for the market price.Since P = 100 Q this implies that P = 60 17. In a Bertrand model with differentiated products p) price is independent of marginal cost. q) firms set price at marginal cost. r) firms set price independently of one another. s) firms can set price in a higher place marginal cost. t) price may be either equal to or above marginal cost answer d 18. In a homogeneous good Bertrand model, the equilibrium price u) declines with the number of firms in the market v) is independent of the number of firms in the market w) is independent of marginal cost x) is above marginal cost . ) is the same as the monopoly price answer b (note n = 1 implies a monopoly and not an Oligopoly). for n = 2, p = mc .. and for all n2 price = mc so price does depend upon mc, is equal to mc, and is independent of the number of firms in the market 19. In the long run in a monopolistic competitive market, a) Firms will set P MC and produce where P = AC b) Firms will set P MC and produce where P AC c) Firms set P = MC and produce where P = AC d) Firms set P = MC and produce where P AC e) Total favorable Welfare is maximised Answer a Have market power set P MC . ut no entry barriers, so in long run all profits are eroded and so P = AC and profits are zero 20. The payoff matrix for two firms, A and B, that must choose bet ween setting a senior high school or Low price strategy is shown as follows Firm B Firm A Low extravagantly Low (10 , 10) (25 , 5) High (5 , 25) (20,20) A Nash equilibrium in this game is a) Both firms set a High price b) Both firms set a Low price c) Firm A sets a Low price and firm B sets a High price d) Firm A sets a High price and firm B sets a Low price e) There is no nash equilibrium in this game Answer b

Islam is one of the world’s greatest religions Essay

I. Introduction. Founded in the 7th ampere-second A. D. by Mohammed. The word Islam means submission (to the allow of God). Followers of Islam argon chew the fated Moslems or Muslims, terms that mean those who submit (to the will of God). Non- Islamics sometimes call the religion Mohammedanism and its followers Mohammedans. Moslems, however, dislike these terms because they imply the worship of Mohammed, their prophet, or else than God. There are more than a billion Moslems worldwide, making up almost one- octonaryh of the earths population.Islam began in Arabia in the ordinal century A. D. and spread rapidly to become the principal religion of northerly Africa and western Asia. It also extends into the Balkans and across Pakistan and Bangladesh to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has extended into sub-Saharan Africa Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Mauritania. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Africa. The Moslem population in the United States consists mostly of immigrants from Pakistan, Iran, and Arab countries.There are also a number of Islamic sects among the countrys minatory population (Endress, 1999). II. Background A. How is it founded and who is the founder? The beginnings of Islam go back to Mohammeds talk in his native Mecca. However, the trustfulness did not become fully essential until he moved to Medina (until past called Yathrib) in 662 A. D. His migration to medina, called the Hegira, begins the Moslem calendar. Mohammeds primaeval successorsespecially Omar, the second caliphexpanded Islam with conquest.The Moslem warriors sweard that if they died for Islam they would mechanically go to heaven. This belief, plus the promise land and loot, spurred the Moslem armies on to charm the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. They almost overran southwestern atomic number 63 under Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours (732) (Ahmed, 2002). a) Early Conflicts During the period of conquest, bitter theological and political hostility developed among the Moslems. In the selection of early caliphs (successors to Mohammed as detectrs of the Moslem world), Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, was bypassed (6 Ruthven, 2000).The ternary caliph, a member of the O mayya (Umayya) family, was murdered by malcontents in 656, and Ali was elected to chase him. Muawiyah, the Omayyad governor of Syria, refused to hump Ali as caliph. When Ali was murdered in 661 by a member of a dissident sect, Muawiyah succeeded him, moved the Moslem capital from normal to Damascus, and made the caliphate hereditary in the Omayya family. Military force was required to settle the new caliphs political authority. Spiritually, most Moslems never accept him (Roberts, 2002).The followers of Ali formed a new branch of Islamthe Shiite, as unlike to the Sunnite, or orthodox, branch. Smaller groups continued to break away from orthodox teaching, also, and in that location was increasing schism in the Moslem world. b) Changing Patterns In the eight century a secret revolutionary movement against the Omayyad dynasty was led by the Abbasids, descendants of Abbas, Mohammeds uncle. The movement began in Mesopotamia and spread east through Persia. In 747 open revolt began, and in 750 the Omayyad dynasty was overthrown and the Abbasids assumed power.The most evidential aspect of the Abbasid caliphate was the Persian influence. The new capital, Baghdad, developed into a major heathen as well as political center (Roberts, 2002). The sciences and philosophy of the Greeks and Persians were translated into Arabic and spread throughout the Moslem world, setting of a surge of intelligent activity such as had not been seen since the days of ancient Greece. During the rule of the Abbasids the Moslem world lost its political unit, as first Spain and then the North African countries set up caliphates independent in Baghdad.In the ninth century in that respect were new Moslem conquests in EuropeSardinia, Malta, Sicily , and regions of southern Italy. The Christians regained all European territory, however, before the 14th century (Friedmann, 2003). III. discussion What are the beliefs and doctrines of Islam? Enumerate. A. Beliefs and Doctrine a) God Moslems worship one God, called Allah (Arabic for The God). The believe Allah stands alone, has an absolute will, and controls all of mans actions. In most another(prenominal) respects, however, he resembles the Christian and Jewish God. Apostles.According to Islamic doctrine, God gave true men the power to communicate with him through his angels. The function of these men was to acquire other mortals to Salvation. The greatest of these prophets were Adam, Noah, the house of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed. Moslems accept the miracles and virgin birth of Jesus, simply deny his divinity and resurrection. They do not attribute superhuman or miraculous powers to Mohammed, but simply assume him to be the last (and because the most authoritativ e) of all the prophets (Nasr, 1999). record The Koran is the basic source of Islamic law and ritual.Moslems believe it was dictated to Mohammed by God, through the angel Gabriel. The hadith The Koran is supplemented by the Hadith ( usance), consisting of the Ahadis (sayings) and Sunna (practice) of Mohammed. The Hadith was handed take orally for more than 200 years before being indite down. It and the Koran are the sources of Islamic law. Sunna in a bigger sense means the theory and practice of orthodox Islam, as ground on the Koran and the Hadith. Further opinions and practices accepted by the highest Islamic knowledgeable men become articles of faith known as ijma (agreement) (Nasr, 1999). Angels The Islamic imagination of angels is almost identical with the Christian belief that angels are Gods messengers, his link with mortal man. Last Judgment Like Christians, Moslems believe in a Judgment Day, when righteousness will be rewarded and wickedness will be punished. The Ko rans description of Judgment Day is chiefly similar to the Bibles, although the details differ (Nasr, 1999). B. Is there any religious debt instruments in Islam? a. ) Obligations A Moslem has five religious obligations, called the Five Pillars. They are Profession of Faith.A Moslems most essential obligation is the repetition of this creed There is no God but Allah Mohammed is His prophet. petition Prayers must be said five times each day. They may be said either privately or at the mosque. In public worship, men and women are usually separated. A worshiper precedes solicitation with a ritual washing. He then faces the holy city of Mecca and follows a fixed ritual of recitation and prostration. On Fridays, a worship work at the mosque is required. Besides the ritual prayers, the service includes a reading from the Koran and a sermon (Lippman, 2002). Almsgiving Moslems are expected to contribute liberally to their religion. The money is used to maintain the mosques and to h elp the poor. Fasting Moslems cannot eat or drink during the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of their lunar year. Pilgrimage in one case in his lifetime, every Moslem who is financially and physically able must travel to Mecca. This pilgrimage is called the hajj, or hadj. A Moslem who has made it is a hajji. The pilgrim participates in a number of observances 1) Circling the Kaaba It is the pilgrims first and last act.The Kaaba is a sacred construction in one corner of which is embedded the sinister Stone, a meteorite that fell in ancient times and acquired symbolic significance. The pilgrim circles this structure seven times, kissing the Black Stone each time (Lippman, 2002). 2) The run It consists of trotting seven times between two low hills on opponent sides of Mecca. This act represents a search for water by Hagar, mother of Ishmael, whose degree from the Old Testament was adopted as part of Moslem tradition (Lippman, 2002). 3) The StandingThe Standing at the Plain of Arafat, 25 miles (40 km) east of Mecca, consists of a day of meditating and praying, facing Mecca. 4) Stoning the Pillars at Mina Stoning the Pillars at Mina, 5 miles (8 km) east of Mecca, is an act in which pilgrims throw seven stones at pillars, symbolically attacking the devil. 5) Feast of Sacrifice Feast of Sacrifice consists of the slaughtering of an sensual by pilgrims who can afford to as a thanksgiving to Allah. a) phantasmal War Some Moslems consider it an obligation to spread Islam by force, or holy war (jihad).This belief is not specifically stated in the Koran. b) What is an Islamic Law? The basic ethical code of Islam comes from the Koran. The most of import rule is that all Moslems are bothers. The Koran encourages charity, authorizes slavery, and prohibits wine, gambling, and the eating of pork. A Moslem may have as many as four wives, and disassociate is permitted. Divorce is effected by the husband telling his wife trey times I divorce thee. The Koran does not provide a political structure for Islam and Mohammed did not reveal how the religion should be make after his death.His close associates elected a successor, called a caliph, to take his tell as a leaderbut not as a prophet. This system was called the caliphate and survived until 1924. At the present time, there is no universal Moslem leader (Lippman, 2002). C. What are the Sects of Islam? There are two great divisions of Islamthe Sunnites (traditionalists) and the Shiites (legitimists). The Sunnites are the orthodox Moslems and are in the majority. The Shiites believe that Ali, Mohammeds son-in-law and the fourth caliph, had forebode powers.They claim that he was the first legitimate caliph and that his heirs, also divinely inspired, were the rightful rulers of Islam. These rulers are called imams (Klein, 2005). The Shiites broke remove from orthodox Islam beginning about 679 and soon divided into a number of sects. The Imami, or Twelvers, recognize a continuing serie s of purely secular imams. Another sect, the Ismailis, or Seveners, recognize the same first six imams as the other sects and a seventh not recognized by the others. Historically there have been numerous extreme offshoots of the Ismailis, including the notorious Assassins.The only important group to break off from the Sunnites in modern times is the Wahhabis, who have attempted to rid the faith of what they consider corruptions. The movement began in Arabia in the 1970s and was marked by a series of bloody wars during the 19th century. The Wahhabis have ruled Saudi-Arabian Arabia since the 1920s (Klein, 2005). IV. Conclusion Islam is a severe but simple religion. Moslems consider it to be an extension of Christianity and Judaism, but they believe the Christian Trinity is sacrilege and deny the divinity of Jesus.There is no ordained ministry or priesthood, although there are religious teachers, called ulama, or mullahs, and religious orders consisting of sufis (mystics) called dervi shes. Islams holy al-Quran is the Koran (or Quran). References 1. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002). Discovering Islam Making Sense of Muslim History and Society. Routledge. London. 2. Endress, Gerhard. An Introduction to Islamic History (Edinburgh University, 1999). 3. Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Tolerance and Coercion in Islam Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition. Cambridge University Press.New York. 4. Lippman, T. W. Understanding Islam an Introduction to the Moslem World (New American Library, 2002). 5. Klein, F. A. The Religion of Islam. London Curzon, 2005. Reprint of classic study, first published, 1996. 6. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Ideals and Realities of Islam. London Allen & Unwin, 1999. archetype textbook. 7. Roberts, D. S. Islam a Concise Introduction. New York Harper & Row, 2002. Accessible information on varied aspects of the Islamic world. 8. Ruthven, Malise (2000). Islam in the World. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

Making a Mega City in Bangladesh

Making Mega City in Chittagong We argon owner of Dream Properties Builders. Our guild mission is be get it on number one accompany in properties business and vision is become a brand in Bangladesh. Our slogan is We make your dream real. Our main plaza in Chittagong at Jamal Khan road and in Dhaka at Rd11, Suhrawardy Ave, Baridhara. Our company taking a plan in Chittagong and this is making mega metropolis. The project reckon is one hundred and fifteen crore Taka and life is 10 year. In budget fifteen spirit group taka for bank interest and one hundred core taka for other personify.Why we take this plan In economists language Chittagong is heart of Bangladesh and latterly our Government takes decision to expand Chittagong Port and make a late sea port in Sonadia. After considering this we think in emerging Chittagong becomes an important place for people and business organization. In near prospective demand of flat tires, obtain mall, commercial place etc will increase i n Chittagong and this is profitable for us. Making a five star in federation with Hotel Lords Inn. Selected location For making mega city we take a project establish DREAM CITY .This project take place in dogwood tree hut . For apartments we selected ? of the hole project . The mega city is about 500 terra firma .. For commercial building and hospital we selected the center space of the whole project. For shopping mall selected southwest corner of the perimeter. Fund Rising In peerless Hundred and Fifteen Core Taka we and our partner finance seventy core taka and another thirty core Taka taking loan from Bank Asia at interest rate 5 percent. The bank interest we collect from our revenue. The monetary value There are many type of cost.Here we listed some main cost like Land accruingTk 450000000 Material cost Tk 300000000 Labor costTk 90000000 chase expense Tk 150000000 Other expenseTk 160000000 In material cost take cost of cement, iron, machine, stone, glass, aluminum etc and in other expense include office expense, transport expense, government tax etc. The revenue Here are some revenues which we can earn We have 500 apartment project, where per apartment size is 1250 & the entire apartment sizes are 6250. per sq feet will apportion 4000tk & we can earn 300000000tk.We also have 100 convert home project, per duplex apartment will sell for 500000000tk & intact earn would be 500000000tk. Shopping mall 35000 sq ft,per sq feet tk4000 & total measure would be tk140000000. Other revenue from other project 500000000tk. fixed earning come from commercial building , school , hospital, water supply . because our company we fulfil this things in the dream city. Minimum fixed income is 50000000 per month. Promotion to promote our mega city plan we will take help from the media. Commercial advertisement, newspaper, radio helps us to market our project to the hole country.

Thyroid Cancer Specific Purpose

The purpose for my informative speech is to inform my audience about thyroid glandalalal glandal crabmeat. Thesis How much do you know people with thyroid gland cancer? Not much? thyroid gland Cancer is a nodule in the thyroid region of the neck. M either adults earn junior-grade nodules in their thyroids, save typically fewer than 5% of these nodules ar found to be malignant. brass Format My Speech will be organized in chronological order. Introduction I.Attention spawnter I believe that if, at the end of it all consort to our abilities, we have done almostthingto make others a little happier and something to make ourselves a little happier, that is about the best we can do. To make others less intellectual is a crime. To make ourselves un blessed is where all crime starts. We must supply to contribute joy to the world. That is true no matter what our problems, our health, our circumstanceswe must try. I didnt always know this and I am happy that I lived long enou gh to find it out. -Roger Ebert thyroid genus Cancer subsister Relevance statement Today, Thyroid Cancer has the highest cure percentage that any other cancer has. It is ordinary in the United States. According to the case Cancer Institute about 37,000 people are diagnosed with thyroid cancer each year. We know that Thyroid Cancer is curable, but it does have some high expression of meat effects. It is also known as a small tumor. Thyroid cancer occurs in the cells of the thyroid. A butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below your Adams apple.Your thyroid produces hormones that regulate your heart rate, origin pressure, body temperature and weight. II. Topic Disclosure Thyroid cancer is a cancerous growth of the thyroid gland. Its Symptoms may interpolate depending on the type of thyroid cancer. III. Preview Today Id like to share with you and train you on Thyroid Cancer and its Symptoms, handlings, causes and preventions. A. Symptoms How every indiv idual has different side effects depending how the cancerous the gland B. Treatments What is the cure of thyroid cancer, and lioniseing in genuine health.C. Causes and Preventions The cause of Thyroid cancer, how to prevent it and why people permit it. Body 1. Thyroid cancer is a cancerous growth of the thyroid gland. Many symptoms of Thyroid Cancer can lead to negative side effects. A. The thyroid is located on your neck by a gland. hump of the neck, Difficulty swallowing, enlargement of the thyroid gland, roughness or changing voice, have sex swelling, and Thyroid lump (nodule) are symptoms of thyroid cancer. Some Symptoms may vary depending on the type of thyroid cancer or tumor a person has.Most people dont know that they have Thyroid Cancer until they go to the doctors and they get examined. 2. The Treatment for Thyroid Cancer varies depending on the type of tumor. A. Having surgery is usually the treatment for the tumor. The entire Gland is removed. If the operating sur geon notices that the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, then they will also be removed. B. beam of light therapy is the medical use of ionizing shaft as dissociate of cancer treatment to control malignant cells. It is delivered by taking radioactive iodine is often used, with or without surgery.Radiation therapy with an external beam of radiation can also be used. C. After the treatment, you need to take a thyroid hormone to transpose what your glands used to make. A thyroid hormone is responsible for regulation our hormones. The loony toons of the treatment is usually a little higher than what your body needs, which helps keep the cancer from returning. D. If the cancer does not resolve to surgery or radiation and has spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy may be used, but this is lone(prenominal) effective for a third of patients. 3. The cause in thyroid Cancer can occur in all age groups. A. People who have had radiation therapy to the neck are at higher risk. Radiation therapy was usually used in the 1950s to treat enlarged thymus glands, adenoids and tonsils, and skin disorders. People who received radiation therapy as children are at change magnitude risk for getting thyroid cancer. As they get older the symptoms are rare. B. 1. There are different causes of Thyroid Cancer. Anaplastic carcinoma (also called giant and pergola cell cancer) is the most dangerous form of thyroid cancer. It is rare, and does not respond to radioiodine therapy.Anaplastic carcinoma spreads quickly and invades nearby structures such as the windpipe (trachea), causing animated difficulties. 2. Follicular carcinoma accounts for about 30% of all cases and is more likely to add up back and spread. 3. Medullary carcinoma is a cancer of nonthyroid cells that are normally put forward in the thyroid gland. This form of the thyroid cancer tends to occur in families. It requires different treatment than other types of thyroid cancer. 4. Papillary carcinoma is th e most common type, and usually affects women of childbearing age.It spreads slowly and is the least dangerous type of thyroid cancer. 4. To test someone for Thyroid cancer, you must go to the medical mail service and a physical examination can reveal a thyroid mass or nodule which is usually in the lower part of the front of the neck, or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. A. Once tested, the results can be as stated showing paralyzed vocal cords, Thyroid biopsy showing anaplastic, papillary cancer cells. Final Transition statement In conclusion, Thyroid cancer can be cured. It takes a long process to be cured but by staying healthy and getting monthly square up up, you life can change.We know that there is a lot of types of thyroid cancer, but some are highly curable. Conclusion As I educated you about thyroid cancer, I hope everyone has a good vision on the types of thyroid cancer, symptoms, treatment, the cause and why people get thyroid cancer and how people get tested on thei r glands for thyroid cancer.Works Cited Wyckoff Cindy. Roger Ebert. 2 march , 2010 . 15 October, 2010 . Wikipedia. Thyroid Cancer. 3 October 2010 . 15 October, 2010 . national Cancer Institute. Thyroid Cancer. . 15 October, 2010 .

Ballistics (Forensic Science)

b eachistics is unmatchable of the essential dowrys of forensic experience. Researchers and scholars in ballistic trajectory actively operation to modify the select of ballistic trajectory research methods and to enhance the effectiveness of all forensic procedures. It should be noned, that ballistic trajectory was not eer astray recognised as a scientific method of firearms identification. For many years, courts and law enforcement professionals viewed ballistic trajectory as unnecessary and unimportant in the probe of the major(ip) criminal cases.Now, with the approaching of the in the raw technical age, ballistic trajectory has not only dark into the minute element of success in forensics, but is actively ad save with advanced technologies to speed up the process of identification of firearms. Ballistics (Forensic Science) Introduction Ballistics is one of the essential components of forensic science. Researchers and scholars in ballistics actively snuff it t o improve the quality of ballistics research methods and to enhance the effectiveness of all forensic procedures.It should be noted, that ballistics was not always widely know as a scientific method of firearms identification. For many years, courts and law enforcement professionals viewed ballistics as unnecessary and unimportant in the investigating of the major criminal cases. Now, with the advent of the new technological age, ballistics has not only turned into the critical element of success in forensics, but is actively aligned with advanced technologies to speed up the process of identification of firearms.Ballistics definition and sexual conquest To begin with, ballistics, in the some general sense, is the study of firearms bombers in the vernacular. As a term of art, ballistics technically refers to the study of a smokes form from the firearm, finished the air, and into a stain (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007). From the viewpoint of forensics, ballistics comes up to represent a system of principles and calculations apply to match corned locoweeds (or their casings) to the firearms which were used to fire them.To a large extent, the study of ballistics is establish on the whole set of somatogenetic laws, starting with the law of nonesuch gas and up to the principles of explosion and pressure within the firearms. Currently, ballistics is used to resolve the major firearms complexities, which law enforcement professionals baptistery in the process of analyze a abhorrence. A professional in practical ballistics deeds to restore the picture of the crime using firearms, fumes, casings, or their residues, and to match them to the attach that had been left on the crime scene.Despite the seriousness of the firearms identification process and the part which ballistics may play for the effectiveness of other forensic procedures, it was not before the beginning of the 1950s that the term ballistics became a widely recognized description of fir earms studies (Warlow, 2004). The history of ballistics dates back to the times, when firearms were made manually and individually and each sess was unique. Gunsmiths were the ones to produce flintlocks and matchlocks, and each firearm stupid person the sign of its creator.Early firearms could be readily compared to the works of art, for even the screws that held together premature firearms were handmade and often specific in width and pitch of the wind (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007). In conditions where firearms could be distinguished from one another without a obstacle and where every gun bore a unique sign of its creator, coordinated bullets to firearms was not a difficult task. As a result, early forensic scientists did not really carry the knowledge of ballistics in its current form.Matching bullets to their molds was an easy-to-accomplish procedure and did not require any specialized skills or calculations. At the beginning of the 19th century, however, bullets and firear ms rent turned into the products of circle production, and the form of the bullet was standardized (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007). Although the amount of firearms models was rather limited and a criminal researcher could easily name the firearm from which specific bullets came, it was no longer viable to distinguish between different variations of firearms that had been produced by one manufacturer (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007).That is wherefore forensic professionals have become increasingly interested in canvas specific features of bullets and firearms that might have been concealed from the naked eye. Phillip Gavelle was one of the first gear to use microscopes to investigate the features of bullets and compare them to the details and characteristics of the crime scene (Warlow, 2004). With time, experts have overly come to realize the role which venting pin and rear of barrel attach could play for the identification of firearms (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007).Unfortunately, the term ballistics and the importance of firearms investigation did not attract public attention, and only after the Sacco and Vanzetti case, as remnantly as the publication of the three firearms identification treatises, the court has officially recognized ballistics as a forensic science, giving law enforcement professionals a chance to improve the quality of all forensic procedures and to develop a new system of forensic methodology with regard to firearms (Warlow, 2004).Ballistics in its moderne form home(a), outside(a), and end Certainly, with the scientific contribution which Goddard made to the development of ballistics, we would just be aware of how effective firearms identification could be for resolving the close complicated criminal cases. Now, as guns and firearms are mass-produced, and thousands and millions of individuals are given the lawful right to carry concealed arms, ballistics gradually turns into the central component in the system of law enforcement prin ciples used to reduce and prevent crime threats.In its current form, ballistics is normally divided into the three distinct areas internal, external, and terminal ballistics. This division is necessary to make the study of separate ballistics aspects to a greater extent effective, and to provide forensic scientists with sufficient analytical instruments. Moreover, this division is based on the path, which a bullet usually passes down the barrel, through the air, and finally, through a target. Internal ballistics (or initial ballistics) is concentrated around the path, which a bullet passes within the gun (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007).Although measuring and describing the path of the bullet within the gun is very difficult and almost impossible, forensic scientists use velocity (or fit out velocity) as the central forensic criterion in the study of internal bullet behaviors. Internal ballistics concerns what happens within a time crossbreed of in the region of 2 ms between the impact of the firing pin or striker and the exit of the bullet or cleft charge from the muzzle end of the barrel (Warlow, 2004).Energy transfer, pressures and powders, combustion residues, as salubrious as recoil in the weapon are the elements forensic professionals need to know, in order to relate the processes within the gun to the results they have produced on the crime scene. As soon as the bullet leaves the barrel, it becomes an object of external ballistics study. The latter is relate with the pathway the bullet passes after going the barrel and involves the study of missile trajectory, and the impact which air gravity and opponent might have caused on it (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007).In terms of smooth-bored guns, forensic scientists are usually concerned about the changes that might have occurred in the spread of the snap charge (Warlow, 2004). Crosswinds and the way they change missile trajectory are just another subjects of forensic research in external ballistics. External ballistics usually seeks to determine the scope of influences other materials could produce on the bullet. For example, and Warlow (2004) emphasizes this fact, unburned propulsive particles will tend to significantly affect the bullet at close range.Bullet stability, flight, sectional density and shape, and even aerodynamic stabilization form the numeral basis of external ballistics and turn it into a distinctively mathematical field, well-known for its complex algebraic and geometric calculations. The study of the bullet path would be incomplete without researching the processes and changes the bullet undergoes after hitting a target. Upon striking a target, the bullet either deforms or dis integrates, simultaneously damaging or destroying the target (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007).These elements are the objects of terminal ballistics research. Terminal ballistics professionals work to link the character of the target destruction to the missile trajectory, its velocity, specific ch aracteristics, design, and the features of the target itself. Given that the majority of targets which terminal ballistics investigates are humans, and taking into paper the complex structure of the human body, terminal ballistics is probably the most complicated and the most responsible area of forensic firearms science.Researchers suggest that the bullets behaviors after hitting the human target are in addition unexpected and too unpredictable (Carlucci & Jacobson, 2007 Warlow, 2004). Forensic scientists are not always able to establish the link between the pathway the bullet has passed and the injuries raise in a victims body. That is why terminal ballistics is a complex study of ricochet, impact, penetration, and kinetic forces that are considered responsible for the major motional shifts the bullet undergoes after hitting a target.Forensic ballistics the new technological stage With the number of physical laws ballistics uses to match the bullets to firearms and to investiga te the pathway the bullet passes from the barrel through a target, it is natural that ballistics professionals are involved into complex computation processes. However, with the advent of the new technological age forensic scientists have been offered an opportunity to use elaborater and software technologies for calculation purposes.Now, ballistics software models are extremely sophisticated in contents, but extremely easy in use. IT professionals were able to simplify and integrate the complicated systems of motion, dynamics, gravity and location, as well as hundreds of other physical concepts and principles into a universal system of calculation, which specialists in ballistics use to compute and describe the missile trajectory and bullet flight performance.Unfortunately, there is a whole set of problems to resolve before ballistics software turns into a reliable tool of forensic knowledge. For example, external ballistics technology is concerned with the way equations of motio n can be simplified to improve the quality of six-degrees-of-freedom equations and to speed up the process of their solution (Belzer, Holzman & Kent, 2006). There are also problems with mentally ill mechanics. These may include matters of universal interest, such as affinity principles, e. g. for transonic flow (Belzer, Holzman & Kent, 2006).In terminal ballistics, chemistry is the major obstacle IT designers and developers face on their way to creating an effective system of ballistics computation fluid mechanics also makes it difficult to design complex equations that would take into account the principles of heat conduction, viscosity, chemical reactions, and temperature dependencies (Belzer, Holzman & Kent, 2006).Nevertheless, it is with the emergence of new technologies that ballistics has been given a second breathe and it is in the current technological age that ballistics is likely to become a speedily evolving area of forensic science and law enforcement, with the emphasi s made on the speed and quality of ballistics solutions. Conclusion For many years, ballistics remained an area of knowledge mostly drop by forensic professionals.However, as firearms have been gradually turning into the objects of mass production, it was becoming more and more difficult to match bullets to the firearms from which they came. As a result, ballistics has come to represent a complex system of investigation principles aimed at researching the bullet behavior on its way from the barrel and through a target, as well as matching bullets to specific firearms and the marks they have left on the crime scene.Now, under the impact of technological progress, ballistics has been successfully aligned with the complex computation models, and although there is lock away much to resolve before ballistics becomes a purely technological field, it is obvious that ballistics will remain one of the most rapidly evolving areas of forensic science, with the emphasis made on the speed and quality of ballistics solutions.References Belzer, J. , Holzman, A. G. & Kent, A. (2006). Encyclopedia of science and technology. CRC Press. Carlucci, D. E. & Jacobson, S. (2007). Ballistics Theory and design of guns and ammunition. CRC Press. Warlow, T. A. (2004). Firearms, the law, and forensic ballistics. CRC Press.

Literature Review on Brand Awareness

exposition of print cognizance The likelihood that consumersrecognize the existence and avail qualification of a companys intersection or service. Creating reproach ken is one of thekey steps in promoting a product Brand Aw arnessis the extent to which a ratis accept by potentialclients, and is correctly associated with a particularproduct. denotative commonly as a percentage oftarget food market, station cognizance is the primary goal ofadvertisingin the early months or days of aproducts introduction.Brand sentiency is the extent to which the consumer associates the provoker with the product he desires to buy. It is the crisscross disavow and the stake deferred payment of the company to the consumers. Brand recall is the ability of the consumer to recollect the send with reference to the product where as trade name recognition is the potential of the consumer to retrieve the past association of the scar when enquired about the betray or shown an image of the betraylogo.Brand cognizance is an essential part ofbrand developmentwhich helps the brand to stand out from the others in this monopolistically competitive market Importance Awareness, attitudes, and usage (AAU) metrics relate closely to what has been called the Hierarchy of Effects, an surmisal that customers progress through sequential stages from lack of sensory faculty, through initial corrupt of a product, to brand loyalty. In total, these AAU metrics allow companies to track trends in customer knowledge and attitudes. 2 Brand awareness kneads a major map in a consumers buying decision process.The knowledge of an association or friend having used the product in the past or a high recognition of the product through constant advertisements and associations coaxes the individual to make his decision in the favour of the brand. The eventual goal of roughly businesses is to make profits and increase sales. Businesses intend to increase their consumer pool and advocate r epeat purchases. Apple is a brilliant example of how there is a very high recognition of the brand logo and high foresight of a new product being released by the company.An iPod is the first function that pops into our minds when we think of buying an mp3 player. iPod is used as a replaceable noun to run an mp3 player. Finally, high brand awareness about a product suggests that the brand is easily recognizable and accepted by the market in a way that the brand is narrowd from similar products and other competitors. Brand mental synthesis overly helps in improving brand loyalty Brand awareness isan important way ofpromoting commodity-related products. This is because for these products, there are very few factors that differentiate one product from its competitors.Therefore, the product that maintains the highest brand awareness compared to its competitors volition usually get the around sales. In the study Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common Repeat Purchase-Pro duct prepared by Wayne D. Hoyer and Steven P. Brown, published by the University of Chicago Press in the journal ledger of Consumer Research Vol. 17,No. 2(sep. ,1990) gives an abstract that Results of a controlled experiment on the routine of brand awareness in the consumer choice process showed that brand awareness was a dominant choice heuristic among awareness-group subjects.Subjects with no brand awareness tended to ingest more(prenominal) brands and selected the high-quality brand on the final choice significantly more often than those with brand awareness. Thus, when quality differences exist among competing brands, consumers whitethorn pay a price for employing simple choice heuristics such as brand awareness in the interest of economizing time and effort. However, building brand awareness is a viable strategy for advertising aimed at increasing brand-choice probabilities.In their research ,Brand awareness is defined as a rudimentary level of brand knowledge involving,at the least, recognition of a brand name. Awareness represents lowest end of continuum of brand knowledge that ranges from simple recognition of the brand name to highly highly-developed cognitive structure based on detailed in regulateation. Recognition is interpreted here to be the process of perceiving a brand as antecedently encountered(Mandler 1980). Thus the distinction between awareness and recognition is a elusive one,former denting a state of knowledge possessed by the consumer and the latter a cognitive process resulting from awareness.According to Keller (2003) stated that Brand awareness can be referred to as the ability of a consumer to distinguish a brand downstairs various conditions. Keller (2003) in addition noted that brand awareness is built and increase by familiarity with the brand as a result of repeated picture which eventually leads to consumers experience with the brand. Consumers experience of a particular brand could either be by hearing, seeing, or thi nking about it and this will help the brand to stick in their memory.Brand awareness can be referred to as the degree of consumers familiarity with a brand. Aaker (1991) According to Aaker (1991 p. 62), there are 3 levels of brand awareness * Brand recognition It is the ability of consumers to identify a certain brand amongst other i. e. aided recall. Aided recall is a situation whereby a person is asked to identify a recognized brand name from a list of brands from the same product class. * Brand recall This is a situation whereby a consumer is expected to name a brand in a product class.It is also referred to as unassisted recall as they are not given any suggestion from the product class. * Top of mind This is referred to as the first brand that a consumer can recall amongst a given class of product. Many researchers cook seen brand awareness as an element that plays a vital role in consumers choice of brand. Aaker (1991) prescribed some of the following factors as ways to h it brand awareness * Involve a motto or jingle a slogan is a visible singularity of a brand. There can be a strong associate between a slogan and a brand.The slogan and jingle are powerful and can be a great change for a brand. * Be different and memorable as a result of the law of similarity between product and their content of communication, product differentiation is important. * Symbol picture a known symbol will make it easier to recall and get wind a visible illustration of the brand. A logo that is connected to an existing brand or a developed brand will play a vital role in developing and keeping brand awareness. * Publicity one of the most important ways to get publicity and create awareness is through advertisement. Event sponsorship sponsorship of event can also help to create and maintain awareness. * Consider brand extension one way to increase brand recall is to show the logo or name on the product and make the name popular. Example of this is coca-cola which is more publicized than the key product. * Using cue packaging is one of the most significant cues to a brand due to the fact that it is what the purchaser sees when purchasing a product. If the product or brand is not known, the only means of contact to the brand or product is the package. Hankinson and Cowking 1993), indicates in order to achieve the brand acceptance, the relationship between the customer and brand perception of customer to brand is needed. The customers psychological and physical needs and the brands symbolic values and functional attributes will be deliberate by the strong relationship between customers the brand Brand awareness is essential in buying decision-making as it is important that consumers recall the brand in the context of a given specific product category, awareness increasing the probability that the brand will be a process of the consideration set.Awareness also affects decisions about brands in the consideration set, even in the absence of any b rand associations in consumers minds. In low contact decision settings, a minimum level of brand awareness may be sufficient for the choice to be final. Awareness can also influence consumer decision making by affecting brand associations that form the brand image (Keller1998)

Journey Into The Unknown English Literature Essay

It was ab tabu 15 old ages ago in 1995 when I foremost disc eachplaceed that my matrimonial woman was custodying serious issues with memory. We had g hotshot(p) to see friends in North Carolina when I agnise that Betty had forgotten to annulus a batch of the points we needed toothpaste, towels, lens solution, formal wear for the caller we would be go toing. I thought process nil of it then- she likely left(p) the bag at place incorporating all those points. A few hebdomads later when we had re rancid back place I caught her meddle somewhat me the equivalent interrogative twice- Did we pass the electric measure? I answered her twice with some vacillation.Two months later on in June, her friends and house threw her a surprise 58th natal day party at our place. She looked truly surprised when I led her into the house full of thirstily expecting invitees. She had smiled up at me and had proceeded to recognize everyone coming up to her. The party was in full swing when I had passed by the kitchen for more beers when I caught her inquiring my female parent whose bar was sitting on her dining board tabular array. My female parent believing it was a gag laughed. not three proceedingss later she came up to me and asked the same inquiry. That scared me to the bone because she was baseless serious. Subsequently that dark as were turning in for bed she commented that she had non completed her birthday had arrived- it had merely slipped her head. I was still staggering from the incident before and began to acquire more frightened. Was she merely so busy at live on and with the combination of aging that led her to bury that her birthday was today? These inquiries faze me and that dark was when I foremost started holding serious ideas about winning her to a medico.Betty worked as a secretary replying calls and scheduling clients for a topical anaesthetic watering place salon. She had worked in that location for some 20 old ages part I worked in th e building concern. I knew her to be a truly organized person who was ever on top of things. She was much the 1 who would retrieve to mention the aunts and uncles and cousins when their day of remembrances or birthdays had arrived. She had grown up as the younger of dickens kids in Edison, New Jersey. I had known her since I was in junior high and we began dating in high school, frequently hanging out with friends at the local Burger topographic point in near our school. She had finished high school when we had immovable to acquire married and get down our life together. I did nt cognize that my universe net ball alone my married woman s would shortly be turned upside down. Betty was known to maintain this small contriver with her that contained all the of present moment day of the months and events. Had she merely bury to pencil in her birthday in her calendar? Does one even necessitate to make that for their ain birthday? I tired to disregard these ideas but slumber was non easy to ascend by that dark.We decided to travel to the physician s for our everyday let down the following month. Once I was at that place I had told the physician outside the room that Betty seemed to be holding trouble retrieving things. He say he wold expression into it. By the terminal of the visit 20 proceedingss subsequently, it was decided that Betty was likely covering with depression. This came as a flooring analyse to the both(prenominal) of us. Nevertheless, I convinced her to get down the medicine recommended to her by the physician. For months she was on an anti-depressant and she did non detect a alteration. I nevertheless, noticed drastic changes- but non for the better. Betty had sure a call from work one eventide. Unbeknownst to me, Betty had failed to schedule in clients into the work calendar for a few months to the point where clients would demo up for their assignment they made over the phone merely to be told that there was no record of it. Betty must ho ld spoken to the adult females over the phone and confirmed unfastened times but failed to come in them into the system. It happened plenty times to justify her losing her occupation. She seemed baffled and denied anything of the kind. However much I wanted to believe her I began holding uncertainties about her abilities or inadequateness thereof. I reexperienced the same sinking feeling I felt the year earlier at the surprise birthday party. Is she losing it? I decided to name our boy that dark and inquire him to see us sometime and that I had something I wanted to discourse with him. He and his household came to see two months subsequently.I relayed everything traveling on with his female parent to him and he sit down there and listened to it all. He did non experience that his female parent was depressed. He thought it was old age but encouraged me to income tax return her to another physician, perchance a brain doctor. He did detect a alteration in her over the past twelvem onth and had besides caught her inquiring him the same inquiry multiple times during his visit, twosome of times even burying her one twelvemonth old grandson s name. I was convinced and took her to see a brain doctor. It was at this visit with him, that I eventually received some replies that made sense. After some trials, he had given Betty a diagnosing of early-onset Alzheimer s. I was both in denial and relieved at the same clip. What he described to me made sense and I could see it in the daily activities that Betty went through. But I could non penetrate wherefore it had to be her and why now at this clip. She was quickly started on medicine. With her diagnosing came my transmutation from a comrade to a full clip health professional where it became my warp to take assist of her. The physical and emotional toll of being a full-time health professional was overpowering. I was inundated with the day-to-day jobs of cookery, cleansing, shop for the food markets, paying the measu res, and making the laundry- all the things that Betty one time was in charge of and did with such evident easiness. Over clip I realized the importance and critical function in my saneness of making out and inquiring others for aid. Friends and household became line of lifes when I needed to take a interruption from caregiving. They would watch her and maintain her company while I would take a dark off to pass clip with friends and unwind. The physician every bit good has been a enormous support and proctors her on a regular basis.The most of import lesson John has realized is that taking attention of a loved 1 with Alzheimer s does non necessitate to be a lone and only voyageing. Although Betty continues to smile, it is non the same smiling they used to portion when they were younger. Although she engages in conversation with him, it is non the same as before. While he may hold lost some of Betty he one time knew, he has discovered some new qualities in his married woman throug hout this journey that still motivate him to care for her merely the same. And for him it is so a journey into the unknown with his married woman by his side and support of household and friends.

“Higher Learning” Reaction Paper

The film Higher knowledge portrays the galore(postnominal) prejudices and dry wash issues that constituteed in America around 1995, when the delineation premiered. The photograph takes place at capital of Ohio University, which serves as a fictional university undergoing the transition of America existence a to a greater extent divers(a), unbosom nation. From the time when America began its struggle with race and finale boundaries, mess of the United States take on shown their true doctrines towards other(a) people who whitethorn look diametricly than they do and the image Higher Learning is a estimable example of the type of prejudices.Before the word picture even starts, the designation of the picture show already promotes a message that lies in the call, Higher Learning. The title may suggest that, not only be students attending a university to gain more than knowledge needed for the c atomic number 18er they choose to pursue, entirely sooner, obtain grea ter knowledge about life and living freely amongst one another without having race or civilization boundaries. Students that are entree college are about to embark on a journey that leave behind prepare them for real life adulthood.The title Higher Learning implies that being enrolled in college is not only for your academic amazement barely in addition your social evolution. At the menstruum time in the movie, when there were many race and culture boundaries that created conflict among people of different backgrounds students, curiously minorities, were being tested for real life situations by entering college. The charge Singleton implements mathematical sort of students of the same background around campus symbolizes the cultural divide between many different ethnic collections.The racial-ethnic groups that were all the minorities on campus were always viewn unneurotic and rarely separated. Throughout the movie, many groups of students from different ethnic backgro unds practically go finished altercations with distributively other. Two of the main groups that clashed without the movie were the African American students some of whom compound themselves in the Black Panther organization, and the white supremacist group who recruited Remy from the university. Throughout the film we name the extreme castrate of two students, Malik and Remy. Malik who is a gifted track athlete, attending the school on a cholarship, is a African American freshman whose views of different race and cultures are mature, whereas his location towards himself being a black track star are immature. We do not recognize him stomp other students in the very rootage of the movie however, we do notice that other students who were not African American acted differently toward Malik and they showed fearfulness and withal nuisance towards him. oneness soulfulness who builds hatred toward Malik is Remy. Remy is a white freshman student who is enrolled in the univer sity and is not involved in anything. Remy is placed with an African American roommate and in the initiation of the movie.Remy quickly develops hatred towards the digd ignorance of his roommates and his friends. Remy then distances himself from his own room and locomote into the arms of a group of white supremacist who would like to fox him articulation the group. Shortly, Remy is brainwashed into the groups ideology that the group of white males promotes. The group of white supremacist displays their ethnocentrism of white people. Malik and Remy are caught in altercations throughout the movie, in which Singleton uses to apparent movement rising action towards a climax that ultimately causes the belief that students have to change.Also, Malik, being involved in these situations, develops some frustration towards the beliefs and acts of Remy and the white supremacist. I reckon that Singleton uses these rising actions as a symbol of the way that our environment can influence u s and can sway our thoughts on issues. For example, Remy is under attack(predicate) when he becomes an outcast after been known for saying things out of the ordinary. However, he is approached by fell passing games that mold him into their group beliefs and values.At first Remy is indefinite when he witnesses his new friends beating up people on Halloween but he is reassured by Scott, who is the noticeable attractor of the group, that what they are doing is good and making society cleaner. From there on Remy grows into a skinhead himself that has determination to consider rid of the minorities. Malik also undergoes a similar change, where he develops into an individual who shows despise towards white people. Malik also begins to stereotype and he exemplifies this when we notice him dodging his reason friend who is his roommate and even tells him that they cant be seen to buzz offher.Singletons also portrays the different cultures that each group shares. As a group, members e nchant practicing their culture and enjoying the freedom that they have to follow through with their invests. For example, the African American students enjoy listening to their rap, hip-hop, and R & B, and when they play their music in scarecrow of people from a different background, more historicly, the white skinheads they lambaste the African American students and seek to get rid of them.I believe that Singleton uses this act of other cultures dis playacting their values to symbolize that America is a free nation where everyone is free to their own beliefs and values however, many prejudices exist and many people have trouble accepting a more diverse society. Over time, America has come a long way from when sequestration of minorities was protested. Being a minority is more accepted in nowadayss society. Also, even in younger generations, I am reference to notice that, now, we do not see the color of a persons skin at first.Stereotypes until now exist, and it seems almos t common nature for one to stereotype a person, but in todays society, these concepts are more thought about and held back in respect for one another. As a college student, I do not walk around campus and see only groups that consist of only one type of race. When I see groups of people, many of them are more diverse than ever. You can still notice that many of the different races still cling together almost by instinct, however even sometimes these groups interact with each other and are more socially accepting of one another.The racial divide no longer seems to exist as much as it did from the movie. There still are some people out there that still physical exercise ethnocentrism however, in todays society, these people are now broadly speaking looked down upon and can be considered a minority group. The race and culture barriers that once caused so much devastating acts of fury and treatment against people of a different background no longer litter the streets of insouciant a ctivity. The fewer people that still have negative beliefs of people of a different race are now sunken into the background of society. some of the negative lyric are now kept inside and are often kept unsaid. These words often remain unsaid principally because in todays society people who promote prejudices against different races are more than often looked down upon. In addition, certain words now have different meanings, some completely opposite of what they meant in 1995. The way people communicate with people of a different race has changed greatly. There may be preconceived stereotypes that people still work with them due, mainly in part, to the environment one grew up in.However, people have learned to respect one another and issues with communicating with people of a different race have become more at ease, rather than being hostile. In some ways, however, there are some similarities that exist between the time frame of the movie, and present-day. People in todays societ y still stereotype one another. The stereotypical thought is often the first thought that comes across our mind when we see a person of a different race. Over time, though, stereotypes have been slowly diminishing in society.Some other similarities are the groups of people. Although the way that students group with each other is not based so much on race any longer larger organizations still exist in todays society. One example of an organization is the Ku Klux Klan. Also known as the KKK, the Ku Klux Klan is a group that consists of only people from the white race. Their main purpose is to reinforce their belief that the white race is more superior to any other races. different groups also exist in todays society that practice the values that they believe.However, these groups are not so much outgoing anymore and the acts of violence that the groups committed in the past are rarely seen in present day. There were many points throughout the movie where a position occurred that ca used viewers the realize something. For example, in the scene where Malik is in a communion with Fudge, Fudge explains to Malik that all the students of the same race only interact with each other and are rarely seen with students of a different race. After Malik is told this, at that point in the scene, Maliks face turns stern and the music becomes more dramatic.I believe it is at that time where Malik realized the social barriers that existed on campus and also around the world. another(prenominal) scene that came to be very important to me is when Remy is seen in the first step of him becoming part of the white supremacist group. In the scene Remy is seen studying outside on some stairs in brief after leaving his room due to his African American roommates playing loud music. At the time Remy is vulnerable and is in need of company. The leader of the skinheads happens to approach Remy in this time of need and Remy is convinced into interest Scott, the leader of the skinheads.Th ese two scenes in the movie are two of the few scenes that stand out the most to me. These scenes stand out the most to me from other ones because these are two points in the movie where the way the two students perceive people of a different race begin to be neutered by their environment. I believe that Singleton incorporated these scenes and the way the two characters develop in order to symbolize the change in society by whom we may encounter in life and how that can impact our beliefs.Another scene that I believe is significant is at the beginning of the movie when Malik enters an face lift after a white student, Kristen, is standing in the elevator about to go up. During this brief scene in the elevator, after Malik get in the elevator, Kristen clinches her purse more tightly and her facial expression shows fear for Malik. This scene shows that at the time of the movie how people reacted towards one another. It is also a brief time where you can notice that Malik only shakes his head when he sees how people react towards him.I enjoyed the movie very much. The movie pointed out the harsh reality of the way society was in 1995, specially on a diverse college campus. The move portrayed many acts of violence that may have occurred in real life and it helps to raise our attendance and realize how ignorant people acted toward each other. After watching the movie I hope that people who discriminate against other races and cultures can change the way they think. The movie made me feel grateful, as well, for the people who went through this hard time in America and got through it in a righteous manner.After watching the movie, I became more aware of what the current time era presented to people. And that was ignorance, violence, prejudices, and discrimination towards people who looked differently than that of ones self. I have much respect for the people who had to go through so much trouble just because they were different. I also enjoyed the movie because Si ngleton incorporated scenes that may seem out of the ordinary is todays society, but is what really happened during the days of America segregating.The movie Higher Learning is directly related to our Sociology course, in that the films main them is racialism, and other sociological issues that existed in 1995. In our sociology class, we learn about the reasons why human race interact with each other in the way that they do. In the movie Higher Learning many issues arise such as racism and discrimination, as well as, prejudices and barriers. In our sociology course, we learn about these issues and other sociological concepts so that we understand the way society interacts.