Racism: The Artificial Category of Race Essay examples -- Sociology Ra

Racism The Artificial Category of RaceTHESIS Scientists and other intellectuals recognize the modern concept of race as an synthetic division that developed over the past five centuries due to encounters with non-European people. Even though people still attempt to organize humans into categories according to their race, these categories kick in been shown to have no scientific basis.The term race is a modern concept. Its definition has adopted radically new meaning over the past hardly a(prenominal) centuries. Currently, the term is used to characterize differences among human groups. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the term race in 1512 is a group or class of persons, animals, or things, having some common feature or features. Today, Oxfords definition is quite different a local geographic or global human population bossy by genetically transmitted characteristics and/or any of the major biological definitions of man distinguished by physically evident features, fo r example, Caucasian, Negroid, and Mongoloid. This definition is a yield of regular interaction with non-European people. The Europeans began to explore other lands, thus creating the idea that some people are different than them and should not be under the same category as them. The constant interaction with groups of people whos lifestyles were very different led Europeans to believe that they were a different kind of people. Scientists worked on and created many different ways to classify the different people they found. This unrefined method of categorization was the origin of a new culture-oriented taxonomic system for human beings. The system is establish on the Great Chain of Being, which is a way of classifying things according to... ...ces of Man. New York The Macmillian Company and Their Distribution, 1925. Holli, Melvin G. Race, Ethnicity and Urbanization Selected Essays. Journal of American Ethnic History 16 (1996) 110-125. Myers, Norma. Reconstructing the bootleg Pas t Blacks in Britain 1780-1830. Portland Frank Cass Press, 1996. Philip, David. Race and Ethnicity. Lansdowne Citadel Press, 1980. Race. Oxford English Dictionary. First ed. 1928. Race. Websters New World Dictionary. Third ed. 1988. Smedley, Audrey. Race in North America line of merchandise and Evolution of a Worldview. Boulder Westview Press, 1999. Takaki, Ronald. A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1989. Tobias, Phillip. The Meaning of Race. Race and Social Difference. Baxtor, Paul, sweet basil Sansom ed. Harmondsworth Penguin Books Ltd., 1972. 19-43.

Marks Spenser in Turkey :: Marketing Strategy

Marks Spenser in TurkeyFor years, M&S selling strategy was simple produce high quality products under a famous mail appoint at affordable prices, and advertise the products in neoclassic ways. However, in recent years this strategy collapsed and the company started to lose its competitiveness. M&S had to find solution to this problem to survive in both domesticated and overseas marketing environment. It is known that franchising is one of the most important factors of future development of any company. Consequently it is essential for M&S to have a reliable franchisee as Fiba Holding to become successful in such(prenominal) a big marketing area as Turkey. First of all, franchising allows the company to action success in Turkey with minimal economic and political risks. Since opening of own outlet in Turkey requires an agreement with the government and careful look for on local market conditions, it is to the advantage of M&S to have a local partner working under companys brand name. And about 700 outlets in 34 countries is the best show of efficiency of franchising. In Turkey, the Fiba Holding is planning to increase the number of M&S outlets by the oddity of the 2002. The profit made in recent years encouraged the Fiba Holdng to expand as a M&S franchisee. In addition, a M&S credit card financial service is occured to be very attractive for their potential customers. Another factor making M&S brand name so popular are the deracination prices and many types of promotions done by the company periodically. Since M&S has concentrated on middle class customers, the cut price and promotion strategy plays a significant role in increasing the local demand. Furthermore, M&S company tries to behave in such a way that inflation of Turkish currency has a very tiny effect on the prices changing.

Uncovering History in our own Backyard :: essays research papers

Uncovering History in our own BackyardDr. Solberg has his own stamp on discovering American history. He has had a long interest in the ordinary person and was quoted as saying People that carry history are a needed part of our past. He did his doctorates on diaries from the 18th century. And has direct much of his epoch studying letters sent to Norway during the 1930s and 1940s. Dr. Solberg started the lecture by asking Olle and Marie Mellin to stand up in the audience they are some(prenominal) in the American Scandinavian foundation and have set up scholarships for Scandinavian studies. Solberg was quoted as saying They where pillars of the American foundation.Solberg told of a book that he mat had a connection with what he was doing in Solvang. The name of the book was Prairie Earth by William least HeatMoon. Heatmoon did a cultivation of land in the Midwest billy club with that went through the history of the land from the Indians to the present. Almost like a de-mapping of the land. Slides came on the screen from the American Post magazine. This magazine was what covered American life during the time of Solbergs childhood, almost every American home had one. In an issue dated January 1947 an article told of Solvang being an Original Danish community. This article had a profound progeny on tourism. Land prices went sky high and Solvang became a tourist town. There are three areas that Solberg will cover in the lecture, the first being the primer coat of Solvang, the second will cover the time from 1911 through 1916, and the third being his own experience from the 60s. After graduating from UCSB Solberg went to Europe and after his return he tangle he felt a strong interest in cultivating history. It was at this time he decided to do Solvang. He decided to do an literal history. If you fail to get oral history you lose parts of history. Solberg did not tape anyone with out there permission was able to collect photos to give a human dimension to his oral report. Large ranchos gave the backdrop for the Santa Ynez valley. With 40,000 acres the valley became a huge area for cattle. In 1804 the first mission was established. 1888 the first force became operational before this time Los Olivous was the business center but by 1888 it had died down and by 1911 Solvang was the center of the Santa Ynez valley.

Interview With a Parent of a Child with Special Needs Essay -- Intervie

I interviewed a woman who has a kid with special needs. The child is now in kindergarten. The mother reported having a universal pregnancy with no complications. This was the second child for the mother, who has another child who was five years old at the time. The mother disclosed that during the pregnancy, she was in the process of separating from the childs father and that this caused a moderate level of stress. At the time of the pregnancy, the mother was also working full time as a work in a local restaurant. The mother reported that her job required her to be on her feet for long periods of time. She was able to work until around a hebdomad before her child was born. The mother reports that the child was born around two weeks early but that labor was easy and the child was born healthy.The mother expound the child as being a fussy infant who had trouble sleeping and would awake several times during the night. The mother also reports the child was a fussy eater, and she exp erienced trouble feeding her daughter during infancy and needed to switch her daughter to soy formula. Overall the mother reported that the daughter was a happy infant who smiled often. The mother reported her child being alert and responding positively to family members who visited and enjoyed playing with her toys. In regards to the development, the mother reported that her daughter seemed to be ontogenesis slower than her first child who hit certain milestones earlier.The mother reports remembering her daughter babbling, but says she did not say her first word until much after on than her first child. She said that this was a concern for her and that she discussed it with her pediatrician who did not see any cause for alarm at the time. When t... ...orking collaboratively with families is to be patient understanding. Do not assume their unwillingness is because they do not want to help their child. I would also say that it is important for them to keep communication open app ly an effort to include the parents. Take the initiative to a establish coequal relationship. Dont be discouraged by limited initial success. (Oslens & brimfull 2012, p 128.)Referencesohttp//www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/SL/K Gerald Mahoney, Ann Kaiser, Luigi Girolametto, James MacDonald, Cordelia Robinson, Philip Safford, and Donna SpikerParent Education in Early Intervention A Call for a Renewed Focus Topics in Early Childhood Special Education Fall 1999 19 131-140,Olsen, Glenn W., and Mary Lou Fuller. Home and school relations teachers and parents working together. 4th ed. Boston Pearson, 2012. Print.

Fear and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

terror and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country   Fear grips all black societies and is widespread not only for black people but also white people. An unborn child will inherit this idolize and will be deprived of loving and relishing his country because the greater he loves his country the greater will be his pain. Paton shows us this throughout this hold back but at the same time he also offers deliverance from this pain. This, I believe is the greater purpose of this book.   When Stephen goes to Johannesburg he has a childlike fear for the great city Johannesburg. Khumalos fears of his family are exactly the same as e rattling other black person in South Africa. In the train he is afraid of living in a world not made for him. He opens his bible and starts reading it, this is one of Khumalos great sources of alleviation. Gertrude is frightened that her life will now be exposed to her brother who is a priest. She is redeemed from this fear when she prays wi th Stephen. Stephen experiences great pain and fear during his search for Absalom, Msimangu pouffes him, he gains comfort when plays with Gertrudes son, when he thinks of Ndotsheni, his wife and of rebuilding his home it consoles him.   We also learn of white peoples fear of native crime in the city. Absaloms girlfriend is afraid that he has deserted her. She gains comfort from Stephen. In his own pain and suffering he has the ability to comfort her, this is one of Stephens admirable qualities. When Stephen realises that the police are searching for Absalom, he starts trembling and turns ratty with fear. Msimangu and his bible comfort him. Msimangu takes him to Ezenzeleni where he is spiritually uplifted.   When Absalom is asked why did he shoot Arthur he says that he was afraid. Msimangu, Mrs Lithebe, Mr Carmicheal and Father Vincent ease Stephens fear of Absaloms case and expenses in Johannesburg. This is very comforting for Stephen, we remember Mrs Lithebe s words for what else are we born and there are some white men who do care. We also learn of James Jarviss (he was a British white) suffering and fear, he is comforted by an Afrikaner policeman who went out of his way to help him, he is also comforted when he reads Arthurs manuscripts.

Fear and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Fear and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country   Fear grips all pitch-black societies and is widespread not only for black people but also white people. An unborn child will inherit this fear and will be deprived of loving and relishing his country because the greater he loves his country the greater will be his pain. Paton shows us this throughout this book but at the same time he also offers deliverance from this pain. This, I believe is the greater purpose of this book.   When Stephen goes to Johannesburg he has a childlike fear for the great metropolis Johannesburg. Khumalos fears of his family are exactly the same as every other black person in South Africa. In the train he is afraid of reinforcement in a world not made for him. He opens his bible and starts reading it, this is one of Khumalos great sources of alleviation. Gertrude is frightened that her life will now be exposed to her brother who is a priest. She is redeemed from this fear when she prays with Stephen. Stephen experiences great pain and fear during his search for Absalom, Msimangu protects him, he gains comfort when plays with Gertrudes son, when he thinks of Ndotsheni, his wife and of reconstruct his home it consoles him.   We also learn of white peoples fear of native crime in the city. Absaloms girlfriend is afraid that he has deserted her. She gains comfort from Stephen. In his avow pain and woe he has the ability to comfort her, this is one of Stephens admirable qualities. When Stephen realises that the police are searching for Absalom, he starts trembling and turns cold with fear. Msimangu and his bible comfort him. Msimangu takes him to Ezenzeleni where he is spiritually uplifted.   When Absalom is asked why did he shoot Arthur he says that he was afraid. Msimangu, Mrs Lithebe, Mr Carmicheal and Father Vincent ease Stephens fear of Absaloms case and expenses in Johannesburg. This is very comforting for Stephen, we remember Mrs Lithe bes words for what else are we born and there are some white men who do care. We also learn of James Jarviss (he was a British white) suffering and fear, he is comforted by an Afrikaner policeman who went out of his way to help him, he is also comforted when he reads Arthurs manuscripts.

Determining Databases and Data Communications Essay

In this paper the writer will seek to respond to the questions designated for two scenarios. This paper will list typical fields for each type of data. Provide an example of two relationships that you need to track. This paper will also outcome the questions of Do you need a database system? If not, can Excel handle the data and the output? What argon the advantages and disadvantages? Would you use a personal database or an opening database? Explain your answer. Would a finality support system (DSS) be helpful? Explain your answer. When directing companies who work diligently with computer applied science, it becomes increasingly imperative to bear an adequate knowledge of the technology that is obtainable. This will allow those who have to manage info to make the most effective choice concerning what technology should be utilize for the comp each. In the two scenarios, do the ruff choices in technology allows the manager to best confer time and energy with superficially fo rmidable responsibilities. For instance, in the first gear scenario, an marketing assistant of a consumer electronics partnership is asked to not only uphold the stands for various guile shows from beginning to end, but is also asked to ensure that there any issues that arise during the delivery of the products are resolved. First, it is important to realize what information should be maintained in order to best ensure that the tools that are used during the trade shows. In cases like these, it would be important to have a list that details what displays, equipment and booths are needed for specific trade shows, as well as when the displays, equipment, and booths should be shipped to the area and back. For example, if a trade show located in Tulsa, OK only needed one booth with one display in order to accommodate the space, it would be the job of the marketing assistant to ensure that the various maps made it to Tulsa, as well as ensure that the booth and display made it back to the office for future use it would be necessary to know when it would be sent, as well as when it will be delivered back (which could be maintained with the knowledge of the delivering postal introduce number). In order to keep track of what is necessary for each trade show, there are several technological tools that would be instrumental in maintaining the information that will be transmitted.While one could use an Excel to begin the process of tracking the information that is needed, it would not be the best method of collecting that type of information, and it could be overwhelming over time. A database, on the some other hand, could handle the information that is contained, and would allow the marketing assistant to create reports later on that can be used to analyze what changes could be made in the future whether it is making earlier shipments in order to ensure that it reaches an area on time, etc. (Middleton, 2009). Since there would only be one person keeping track of the information, it would not be necessary to create an enterprise database, which would have the capabilities of being made available to other departments within the partnership (Web Definition, 2012). This would allow one person to maintain the tending(p) information that other departments may need without having too many people managing information, which could lead to confusion regarding where equipment is or what is needed for certain trade shows. Also, in order to maintain the large amount of information that would come from managing various trade shows, it would be necessary for the marketing assistant to have a finis support system, which is a computer system that is designed to provide assistance in determining and evaluating alternative courses of action by acquiring data from the mint candy of transactions of a firm, by analyzing it with advanced statistical techniques to extract meaningful information, and by narrowing down the range of choices by applying rules base d on decision theory (Web Definition, 2012). This will allow the marketing assistant to gain better knowledge of what could be improved upon for future trade shows. In the second scenario, technology has to be used in order to manage a consulting team of seven, some of whom work in an office and others who work from home. In this case, ensuring that there is be accessibility to each employee is paramount to maintaining the business. A wide area network, or WAN, would help to accommodate the needs of employees who are working in the office as well as those who work from home. The WAN would create several LAN connections that would allow workers to the same access to important information regardless of where they are (John, 2009). Also, for projectsthat more(prenominal) than likely will be time-sensitive, employees within the consulting team will have access to the printers and other equipments that is a part of the network, so that tasks are accurate in a timely fashion (John, 20 09). While there are certain security risks with using WAN that includes the potential infiltration from people other than employees and the possible placement of viruses that would threaten the maintenance of information that is stored, the use of anti-virus programs and other programs would help to protect the computers and information that they have, and the benefit far outweigh the potential risks. Also, a wireless access would better assist the team in completing tasks in different areas.Like WAN, wireless access would assist employees in gaining pertinent access to the information may normally be stored in in the office. For a consulting team who works in different areas, privacy and computer trade protection become a relevant problem that can be addressed with creating a virtual private network, or VPN. A VPN would ensure that the information that is held at the office for the team remains on a network that would only be accessible by the team, and it would prevent others wh o are not a part of the team from placing viruses on the computers or accessing the information, which could greatly hinder the completion of tasks and the accessibility of information. When considering what wireless networks should be used, cost as well as features must be considered. Excel documents often help to organize this information in order to assist leaders in making decisions regarding the best wireless network to purchase. For instance, if a wireless network is priced low but does not offer the speeds or other features necessary to operate for a company, the network would not be smashing to expend money on. However, it could be equally dangerous to expend a stage set of money on a wireless network that has a lot of features that may or may not be used. As a result, this requires that a company list the various features that would be necessary for the functioning of the company. The company can then review the list of features that are included for wireless networks tha t they are considering, listing the price of each network. This allows them to find the wireless network that best meets their companys needs without paying a lot of money for it. In conclusion, having a working understanding of the technology that is available to a company can help managers make wise and efficient choices regarding what tools should be used. In the first scenario, using databases in comparison to excel documents allows the marketing assistant to powerful track equipment that is used on a daily basis, as well as track where it is being shipped to. In the second scenario, using WAN or wireless networks allow a team to maintain access to pertinent information that could help employees complete tasks in a timely manner regardless of their location. In these ways, technology assists companies in maintaining their business.ReferencesDecision Support System. (2012). Decision support system. Retrieved from http//www.decisionsupportsystem.info/Middleton H. (2009). Maintain ing a relational vs. flat file marketing database. Retrieved from http//www.dbmarketing.com/articles/Art223.htmCharlene N. (2010). Benefits of developing & maintaining a database. Retrieved from http//www.reviveprojects.com.au/blogs//2010/10/06/benefits-of-developingmaintaining-a-customer-database-Web Definition. (2012). Enterprise data. Retrieved from www.dataclaritycorp.com/cognos-glossary.html

Soundbuzz’s Music Strategy for Asia-Pacific

Case Study 3 SOUNDBUZZS MUSIC STRATEGY FOR ASIA PACIFIC Q1 Analyze Soundbuzz and its business strategy utilize the competitive forces models. What strategies did it develop for dealing with competitive forces? There are four concepts of the competitive forces models new market entrants, substitute products and services, suppliers, and customers. In terms of customers, Soundbuzz were really advantageously responded to situation that they faced.When they launched B2C model, they found that because of customers behavior (customers are seeking to download harmony freely) they tummynot make much margin compared with the time when they used B2B model. So they aim otherwise business as their customers. In terms of products and service, they serviced new encrypted MP3 format which makes them be able to sell music in their web sites. Also, they started to treat the music photo contents which n constantly treated on-line before. Finally, they launched ISPs billing systems for customers, which makes customers easily purchase their products.Q2 What are the critical elements for an online music service? Using the value chain model, probe Soundbuzzs business processes. Administration and Management Online and Mobile music company. Technology Source from local and independent record label and content is secured using digital proper(a) management technologies consisting of web server , license server , database server and media server. Procurement Internet and finance industries Q3 Why did Mototrola acquire Soundbuzz? What synergies will be created through the fusion?Through its MOTOMUSIC service, Motorola has much than two years experience delivering mobile music to consumers with its carrier customers in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The acquisition of Soundbuzz allows Motorola to expand MOTOMUSIC beyond China, into India, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. With advantageously over 90 percent of all digital music content in Asia sold via mobile channe ls, a level expected to remain in the coming years, Motorolas strength in music delivery will help its carrier customers access this growth opportunity.The expected timetable for completing the proposed dealings between Motorola and Soundbuzz, prospective financial and operating results, benefits and synergies of the transaction, future opportunities for the combined company and products, any other statements regarding Motorolas or Soundbuzzs future expectations, beliefs, goals or prospects and any statements that are not statements of historical facts magnate be considered forward-looking statements.While these forward-looking statements represent managements current judgement of future events, they are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, i nclude i. the parties ability to consummate the transaction. ii. the conditions to the completion of the transaction may not be satisfied, or the approvals required for the transaction may not be obtained on the terms expected or on the evaluate schedule. ii. the parties ability to meet expectations regarding the timing, completion and accounting and tax treatments of the transaction. iv. the possibility that the parties may be unable to achieve expected synergies and operating efficiencies within the expected time-frames or at all. v. Motorolas ability to successfully integrate Soundbuzzs operations and technology into those of Motorola and the possibility that such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected. vi. evenues following the transaction may be lower than expected. vii. operating costs, customer loss and business disruption (including, without limitation, difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees, customers, clients or suppli ers) may be great than expected following the transaction. viii. the retention of certain key employees at Soundbuzz. ix. the other factors described in Motorolas Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year cease December 31, 2006 and its subsequent reports filed with the SEC.Motorola assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this press release, and such forward-looking statements let loose only as of the date hereof. Q4 Explore the Soundbuzz Website (www. soundbuzz. com). Briefly describe its products, technology platform, payment methods and revenue models. Product downloadable music and video. digit right clearance. acquisition of licenses from music publisher and recording company. music video. Technology platform bundled with creative s MP3 frauds. Windows Media Player 10. Payment methods multiple billing channel through Internet dish Provider bills. mobiles operator bills to its customers. Trivnet payment solution. making micro pay ment. Q5 Do you think Soundbuzz is successful? What are the things it can do to improve its business model? What can it learn from iTunes? No. Along with the dramatic demise of Motorolas mobile phone business in the past two years, Soundbuzz now also faces occlusive of its own. Its an ironic end for a company that seemed ahead of its time when it came out selling legit music in 1999 at the century of illegal downloads.Many were impress at the time, when Soundbuzz CEO SudhanshuSarronwala, a former MTV stalwart, managed to court the music labels even when they were more interested in blocking people from ripping CDs. Its music appeal was built up very fast, providing users in Singapore with a legit alternative to pirated songs. But soon, the competition came for Suds and his company. Though Apple iTunes is still not formally here in Singapore now, Nokia has launched its own music store and Sony Ericson has partnered with SingTel to offer a direct-to-mobile music download service too.Soundbuzz, meanwhile, was a much smaller player and had a less extensive music collection. Plus, it somehow only corroborationed the Internet Explorer browser, likely because of its Windows Media back-end, which kept out a lot of users. The closing mistakes is the sale to Motorola, a company that invented the cellphone, but somehow failed to manage its own cellphone business due to poor management and decision making . Soundbuzz shall support the popular browser like Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Safari and expand its music collection.This will attract more users since most internet users are no more using Internet Explorer due to it slow performance. iTunesoffers a catalogue of albums, user reviews, album art, Internet radio, and podcast listings for free. Consumers can benefit from iTunes content and services without ever making an online digital purchase. Apple even gives away new content every week, so users can expand their music collection without any shipme nt to buy anything. Soundbuzz shall synchronize and reform a convenient and fresh look to attract consumers. Soundbuzz is shut down on 15th July 2009

Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Essay

The significant role of schools in teaching the population of students is one way to make positive(predicate) that the society will have a bright future. However, in the cases wherein inappropriate teaching methods are used, this dream may be compromised. A very put across example is the teaching of creationism. Creationism is a perspective that identifies a certain supreme being to be the main perpetrator of the existence of the universe, including humanity (Ruse, 2007).There is an distinctive group of people who primarily believes in this notion. And because of that sectarian acceptance, there was a time when schools became a subject of intention in propagating this idea. In a often greater sense, creationism should never be taught in schools primarily because of the compromising effects it will bring towards the molding of the students. The topic is very much centered towards the philosophy of a person and do not provide any significant learning attribute.This is in direct co ntrast to the mission of the school to provide and the type of learning methods based on exact, credible and scientifically formulated aspects of knowledge. Creationism tends to be of religious in nature. It always inhibits the natural flow of scientific serve well to learn the observable and logical way of nature. As a result, it is very possible that students may get confused near their own perception about the universe and everything about it.They may leave the pre-conditions of scientific knowledge in favor of an easier to understand notion of creationism. Moreover, there may be cases in which round students may feel deprived of their rights to believe what they want to according to their respective philosophies in life. Creationism is a biased form of belief which only bases its ideology to a personal intuition. References Ruse, M. 2007. Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/creationism/.

Enduring Vision Chapter 30 Notes

Identifications * Yuppies/VCRs/ three Mile Island * Yuppies young, urban professionals who wore ostentatious gear such Rolex watches or BMW cars. they came to symbolize the increased pursuit of wealth and materialism of the Statesns in the 1980s, represented decade of greed, stopped being radical, worried about weight. * VCRs video cassette recorders became public in the late 70s that allowed viewers to tape and view later their favorite programs and to rent movies on cassette.As entertainment became privatized, families stayed home with the VCR instead of going to the movies * Three Mile Island 1979 an accident at the nuclear plant at this location that caused a radiation leak and hugd the evacuation of 140,000 people near the site. the apologue made headlines around the world and seemed to confirm peoples fears about nuclear power. * Roe v. Wade/Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)/AIDS/Moral Majority/televangelists * Roe v. Wade the 1973 exacting Court decision holding that a subjec t ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. he decision forbade deposit control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to designate abortions to protect the mothers health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester * Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) a constitutional amendment originally introduced in congress in 1923 and passed by congress in 1972, stating that equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex. despite public support, the amendment fai take to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. DID NOT RATIFY * AIDS AIDS epidemic in the 1970s made many Americans more cautious in their sexual behavior. * Moral Majority political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying. Formed by Jerry Falwell. organization made up of conserva tive Christian political action committees which endeavoured on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of honorable law. his group pressured for legislation that would ban abortion and ban the states acceptance of homosexuality. * Televangelists ministers who would spread their messages via television networks * Gerald R. Ford/WIN/Mayaguez incident/ resource of 1976 * Gerald R. Ford Nixons ungodliness president after Agnew resigned he became the only president never to be elected. Taking office after Nixon resigned, he pardoned Nixon for all federal crimes that he perpet place or may have committed. * WIN Whip Inflation Now a program by the ford administration to curb inflation and spectacular price increases by putting pressure on businesses to lower prices and deter consumers from hording goods. Did not really work. Start due to OPEC * Mayaguez incident in May of 1975, Cambodian communists seize the ship Mayaguez and 39 Americans a re held hostage. In retaliation the president ordered bombing on Cambodia and the launch of a rescue mission * Election of 1976 esteem Carter/democrat vs.Gerald Ford/republican= carter wins * Jimmy Carter/Love communication channel/Panama Canal Treaty/SALT II/Iran hostage crisis/Camp David * Jimmy Carter from Georgia was viewed as a Washington outsider with no political ties and no scandals, people thought he would bring fresh ideas * stressed military personnel rights. because of the soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Created the department of energy and the department of education. e was criticized for his return of the panama communication channel zone * Love Canal a neighborhood in Niagara falls, New York, which became the subject of national and international attention, controversy, and eventual environmental notoriety following the discovery of 21,000 tons of toxic waste buried beneath the n eighborhood * Panama Canal Treaty 1978 passed by president carter, these called for the gradual return of the Panama Canal to the people and brass of panama.Very controversial. The people were not happy. * SALT II (strategic arms limitation treaty) superpowers pledged to limit nuclear arms production, although signed it was never officially ratified by the American senate * Iran hostage crisis in November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. n January 20, 1981, the mean solar day carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity * Camp David mollification talks between Egypt and Israel mediated by president carter * they led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the red sea and Suez canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries. his isolated Egypt from the other Arab countries and led to Sadats assassination in 1981 * Ronald Reagan/Reagan Revolution/Reaganomics/deregulation/Contras/Grenada/capital of Lebanon bombings * Ronald Reagan elected president in 1980 and again in 1984. he ran on a campaign based on the common man and populist ideas. Had participated in McCarthy trials. Iran released hostages on his inauguration day in 1980. he used the strategic defense first step to avoid conflict. his meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the cold war. e was in like manner responsible for the Iran-contra affair which bought hostages with guns * Reagan Revolution increased defense spending reduced well-disposed programs and cut taxes they were based on supply side theory of growing the economy by cutting government interference and taxes. attempt to return America to the traditional values of church, family, and free enterprise * Reaganomics these policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side(cut income taxes), and domestic budget cutting. heir goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth, unemployed started going back to work * it included tax breaks for the rich, supply-side economics, and trickle down theory * Deregulation the lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer * Contras a Nicaraguan rebel group that got financial support from the CIA. his group was formed as a response to the overthrowing of Anastazio Somoza Debayle * Grenada a petty(a) Latin country where a communist government had taken power. Reagan invaded the country in protest of communist expansion, showing that he was not pursuing detente. Beirut bombings Lebanon 1983 two truck bombs struck separate buildings housing united states and French military forces killing 299 Americans and Frenchmen suicide bombers led to the withdrawal of the international peacekeeping force from Lebanon Reagan administration was is severely criticized for its foreign policy * SDI/Election of 1984/Iran-Contra Affair/Mikhail Gorbachev/START/INF Treaty/Pan Am 103 * SDI Reagans proposed strategic defense initiative (1983), too known as star ars, called for a land- or space-based shield against a nuclear attack. Although SDI was criticized as unfeasible and in violation of the antiballistic missile (ABM) treaty, congress sanctioned billions of dollars for development. * Election of 1984 republican Ronald Reagan (won in a landslide) democrat Walter Mondale (running mate Geraldine Ferraro first woman candidate). Iran-Contra Affair president Reagan authorized the off-the-books sale of stolen weapons from the pentagon to Iran in order to investment trust the Nicaraguan contras congress had forbidden him to use government funds to support the contras helped keep Iraq from winning the Ir aq-Iran war (did not want a middle easterly superpower) very illegal (Iran was considered a terrorist state) and almost caused Reagan to be imp for each oneed * Mikhail Gorbachev soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the cold war and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms * START Strategic Arms Reduction Talks, talks between the united states and the soviet union in which reductions in missiles and nuclear warheads, not good-tempered a limitation on increases, were negotiated * INF Treaty 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Signed in Washington, DC. by US. President Ronald Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987. he treaty eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges, defined as between 500-5,500 km (300-3,400 miles). under the treaty both nations were allowed to inspect each others military installations * Pan Am 103 1988 Libyan terrorist attack on US destroyed Ame rican plane (bomb) worst terrorist attack on us until 9/11 (270 killed) Questions 1. Which social activist movement of the 1960s continued powerfully in the 1970s and 1980s? Why? a. The environmental movement continued strongly in the 1970s and 1980s. It gained momentum with Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, and the environmental laws of the 1960s and the start of Earth Day in 1970.The creation of groups such as sierra Club and Greenpeace, for which membership increased greatly. Campaigns to save animals, plants, and the ocean were launched. In the 1970s environmentalists attacked the nuclear plants employing rallies and protests. The Three Mile Island incident and the China Syndrome movie also assisted in Environment change. b. The womans movement also continued strongly. With the Roe v. Wade decision, and the ERA 2. What was theRoev. Wadedecision? Why did it splay to be politically divisive throughout the 1980s and early 1990s? c. Roe v. Wade was the 1973 Supreme Court decision holdi ng that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional.The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mothers health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester. d. The decision proved controversial, especially with the Evangelicals who were pro-life. The women, however, responded with Pro-life campaigns, which polls revealed represented the majority of Americans. 3. How did prospects for aborigine Americans improve in the late 1960s and 1970s? What authoritative problems continued to plague American Indians? e. Acts of militancy by the Native Americans caused the government to give the native Americans more rights over their lives and the reservations. Pride in being Native grew.The natives also launched business ventures on the reservations, making a lot of doe. They also gained the rights guaranteed in previous treaties. Alcoholism, disease, and high unemployment rates still affected the reservations but they still gained prosperity as a whole. 4. In what ways did religious faith play a more decisive cultural and political role in the 1970s and 1980s? f. The evangelists took on conservative backlash against the radical changes in America. They first made movements against Roe v. Wade which led to the government stopping Medicaid for abortions. It also stopped the passing of the ERA bill. It also retrogressed the gay rights movement. New groups formed with religion and spiritual questioning.The moral majority formed the pro-life, pro-family, pro-moral, and pro-American crusade. Televangelists appeared on TV across the nation reaching millions of viewers. 5. What were the troubles that overwhelmed the Carter administration and prevented Carters reelection? g. Carter gave the Panama Canal back to Panama. His sheltering of the Shah in Iran led to the hostage situation in Iran. The Iranians abused the American flag , and had anti-American mobs. Inflation grew sharply worse as a second major oil crisis drove up prices. The Federal Reserve Board pushed the discount rate ever higher. With the cost of both credit and oil so high, economic activity deteriorated to stagflation. Carters reign was cursed.

Rizal – Man of Mystery

Rizal was truly shucks the Ripper. Jack the Ripper is polled as Great Britains close evil person on BBC History Magazine. His hatred for women and savage killing of at least 5 prostitutes is a tale of horror still talked or so today. His case was never solved thus his identity is one of the worlds great mysteries. How is this related to Rizal? Our national hero Jose Rizal was in London during the killings from may 1888 to January 1889. He was copying a book, the Sucesos de las islas Filipinas staying in the library for the whole day.But not much is known of his whereab discovers at night. Other than his mere presence in London, the killings crosstie to Rizal because he was a doctor. Skilled with the surgical knife, he even performed on his mothers eye. Jack the Rippers victims were brutalized with strategic cuts on the neck and incisions that took out the uterus from the abdomen. In his many letters sent back home, not once did he mention the killings undoubtedly the biggest n ews of that eon.When Rizal departed from London in 1889, the killings stopped. In 1986, the present day owners of the house Rizal stayed in reported finding preserved human innards and a confession letter from Rizal. Most translucent of all, the links is that Jack the Ripper and Jose Rizal shared the same initials. Illustration depicting how Jack the Ripper cut his victim Reflection I was really shock and horrified eyepatch reading this article. I never ever thought that Dr. Jose Rizal our national hero would be a murderer.About the story of Jack the Ripper, I already saw a part of it besides in anime form from the anime Black Butler because I am really an anime lover, but I really thought that its just a story, not real. Thats why Im really surprise when I had read the article. I was around convince by the evidences presented though, as well as the letters by Jack the Ripper that was left at the crime scenes and the preserved human innards put in at the house where Rizal stay ed. But after thorough thinking, I said to myself that this wasnt the kind of hero we have.Our hero is not a murderer but a passionate one. If he was that violent, then he would have agreed to Andres Bonifacio have a bloody war using swords, and other deadly artillery against the Spanish colonizers. But, he didnt agree to Andres Bonifacio because what he wants is a silent war and not the bloody war, where lots of life would be wasted. So, with that perspective of mine, I dont believe that Dr. Jose Rizal is Jack the Ripper. And, in that locations also one question that keeps running in my mind, who name Jack the Ripper as Jack the Ripper that it even coincides to Dr.Jose Rizals initial letters to his name? And another is that the preserved human innards at the house where Rizal stayed were only found out almost a century after that is Dr. Jose Rizal left the place in year 1889, and yet it had been discovered only almost a century after that is in year 1986. If it had been discove red sooner, it would have been a strong evidence I guess, but it took a long time before it had been discovered. And if ever it would be true, then I guess its not that really a big deal since Jose Rizal is a doctor, and he even operated his own mom.Who knows hes on a study of something at that time, trying to discover something new for his career. Another is, he has a purpose why he went to London at that time and that is to copy a book entitled the Sucesos de las islas Filipinas and certainly not to murder. To sum it all, I really dont believe about the content of the article. Though, there are evidences presented, still its not enough to judge Dr. Jose Rizal. Because for me, he is a passionate man who even wrote Mi Primera Inspiraccion or My First stirring that is especially dedicated for his mother.

Explain the Relationship Between, Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development Essay

Joseph Schumpeter formally regarded the understanding that entrepreneurs atomic number 18 often innovators, bringing late, improved goods and technologies to markets, creating saucy niche upcoming solutions and delivering them into new markets. Entrepreneurship focuses on the creativity, moment of inspiration, the why when and how of definite opportunity recognition. According to Schumpeter the role of entrepreneurship is implicit as an underlying cause of innovation. However, innovation is not solely the domain of entrepreneurs The idea of Entrepreneurship somewhat relies on the stiff means of innovation. The concept of innovation allows the training of new ideas, inventions and their making come to pass. Economic development undertakes the adoption of new market technologies and industry based economies to natter and improvement in sparing standards as hearty as an increase in the net gain of money flow. In regards to the three ideas of entrepreneurship, innovation and e conomic development I will discuss why I believe they co-exist. Where sustainability fits in is that increasingly our society is becoming more aware of its day-to-day actions with evaluate to the purlieu around it.It is becoming increasingly all important(p) topic on product linees agendas as without a scope for early revenue streams, the very nature of what they do will not be feasible. Increasingly these days if a business is to be economically viable then sustainability has to be engrained in its model. Schumpeter progressively demonstrates the constitutional view of behaviour from an entrepreneurial point of view and how it must coincide with that of the innovative. In the book The Entrepreneurial Mind, Jeffry Timmons defined entrepreneurship as the ability to produce and build something from practically nothing. This shows that without innovation and ideas entrepreneurship cannot come to pass. Innovation is taking an idea and bringing it to market, however market attract iveness, size and dynamics are all important components and thus theory of entrepreneurial understanding dramatic plays a vital role in success The view that ( revolutionary) innovation is helpful in the promotion of return through economic development links to the Schumpeterian understanding of creative destruction presupposed that it is the forceful differential that imposes a separate angle of economical building, comm nevertheless successor the old and imposing the new. The theory of constitutional innovation ties in consistently with this theory, however to fully understand the ideology behind innovation we must present at the various types.The two main types of innovation are incremental and as mentioned radical. Incremental innovation consists whereby the improvement of products, ideas, and strategies are put in situation often seen through the use of extension strategies. Positively speaking, incremental innovation helps to increase efficiency of products or services , by maximising the sustenancetime within their life cycle (short term innovation) and focusing on exploitation competencies. However in terms of yearn run economic value for development it whitethorn trial to coincide with increases or dramatic changes in population and improvements of technology as two examples especially in less economically development countries, thus constricting the innovative nature of an idea or action. On the other hand and more understandably tied in with entrepreneurship, we must look at radical innovation. Radical innovation creates such a dramatic change in products, subroutinees or services, that they transform existing market or industries, or create new ones. Radical innovation looks to provide something new, accompanied by a disruptive or discontinuous quality that uproots markets and creates significant change within industries. This ties in coherently with entrepreneurship collectible to the incident that it is often these creations and inn ovative ideas that entrepreneurs use to bring good and services to the market place. Innovation encourages the go-forward, propelling economic development.New creative industries, as well as new firms originate from the entrepreneur causing old companies providing goods and services to react and adapt to market change, in turn leading to a development economically in both the short and long term. The drive to compete and push costs down is what compels market breakthroughs, changing market tastes, fashions and demands which play a role in the success of entrepreneurs. This change is what helps to bring about economic development and through demand and supply problems/wants creation solved. It is not only innovation that an entrepreneur provides, yet everyday management and corporate social responsibility that eventually drives success and helps to maintain the sustainable goal. Peter f. Drucker define entrepreneurship as a systematic, professional discipline available to anyone in an organisation Drucker believed that entrepreneurship wasnt just from an individual, yet it could be introduced systematically by firms and businesses i.e. Corporate Entrepreneurship. Drucker understood that entrepreneurship did not just have to be from initial start-up business but could occur within established organisations as well through management styles and development strategies. In relation to Schumpeter, he regarded development economically as the carrying out of different or new combinations. He developed this concept creating five cases saying that The entryway of a new good The introduction of a new method of production The opening of a new market The conquest of a new source of supply or raw materials The carrying out of the new organisation of any industry.All of these cases regard the process of economic development and through the structure that Schumpeter has developed we are able to denote the cyclical kindred between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economi cal development throughout each stage with the ultimate goal of onward motion in the market place to eventually maintain a sustainable position. I will now explain the importance of innovation with respect to its importee and enhancement of economic development. For the ongoing push to encourage and create economic development, innovation plays a key role as the appearance of new ideas to smaller less mature companies, especially in less economically developed countries. This is due to the fact it helps to promote the gap between a less economic developed countries and more economic developed countries. In their book Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development, Adam Szirmai and Wim Nadue view innovation as intimately tied in with changes in structure of the economy, proficient increases in production and eventually more added value for global gain Common components such as product and process advancements through technology, as well as lowering cost barriers, innovati ons have become an important asset to firm success and competitiveness. Innovation through technological change proves to be embodied within machinery, equipment, and more specialised work forces. Other advances in research and development, and improved efficiency working environments have besides helped to improve total economical productivity, ultimately leading to increases in development.Increases and development in the above not only improves the quantity of output within an economy, it overly helps to advance the quality, delivery, and nature of a good or service. The continued increase of economic development creates higher output abilities for business that is ultimately fed sustain into the economy starting from the bottom and working its way to the top. An example of how entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development are linked can be shown from the internet target/service, Amazon created by the American Entrepreneur Jeff Bezos offering an internet based approa ch, allowing customers to purchase books online. The radically innovative idea led to many traditional bookshops being put out of business, and its ability to hold a larger amount of books to a high street store, decreasing book store sales by 40%. Jeff Bezos saw the growing use and development of the internet, and decided to use this as a platform to launch his risky yet transformational idea of Amazon. The fact that Bezos saw this gap in the market and took the risk to launch his innovation makes him and the business entrepreneurial. The core competencies of Amazon allowed it to contribute it to economic development. One reason is due to the fact that it allows business and consumers to save time by being able to look and purchase for products on Amazon quickly and efficiently without having to go to stores or spend time search for them. It in any case contributes to economic efficiency due to the fact it allows companies to find goods at the most competitive prices and hence dri ves out firms that are uncompetitive. Going back to my emphasis on the increasing importance of sustainability, the World military commission on Environment and Development say that Sustainable Development meets the call for of present without compromising the ability of afterlife generations to meet their own needs A vital consideration in this link is the goal or play at which business as well as whole industry produce a good or service to a sustainable degree.Sustainability in this sense ties in with two concepts meeting the needs of the poorer countries economically, and secondly the thought of limitation created by new technology and social footprint within the environment and its ability in the future. The obvious link between the former subject topics of this essay relate significantly to the topic of sustainability in the sense that each swear on future generation for further development, and also must maintain sustainability one way or another. Within his book beyond growth political economy of Sustainable Development Herman E. Daly saw sustainable development as development without growth, that is without throughput growth beyond the regeneration and absorption capacities of the environment (pg13, 1997) this view of sustainability sees economic development in a different category to that of growth. Therefore, the initial entrepreneurial idea that may have been developed through either incremental or radical innovation will need to maintain being sustainable in order to create development economically in both the short, but more-so the long run.In conclusion it seems evident that without the inherent relationship that exists between the three main ideas of entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development none of them would completely flourish. The involvement of sustainability also plays a key role in this tightly knit relationship the direct influence that sustainability has it extremely important as business in forthwiths world have a focus point on developing economically whilst being sustainable for themselves, and investors. I feel that in the future especially in the near future firms that do not involve themselves sustainably will find it difficult to compete within the market not having prejudged future needs and wants from consumers. This will evidentially create a firm to be less competitive in the long-run. Schumpeter stated A firm can never be perfect in any sense, yet it in time approaches a relative perfection having regard to the surrounding world and social conditions The ability of entrepreneurs and business to understand that sustainability is vital at an early stage will enable them to source information and models to follow. I feel that even though the symbiotic relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development must tie in subsequently with sustainability it is a process that can be adapted throughout the innovation stage, and well as during economic development, and that entrepreneurs must not take away wholly from the prospect of growth and profit in such a way that may eventually negatively impact an idea, or a firm in the long-run. This fundamental relationship demonstrates the need of positive conductivity between each other, and I think that unless this is not achieved then economic development and market retention will not be held. Thus evidently I feel the central communication between each stage must remain if an ultimate goal is to be reached economically and in terms of sustainability.ReferencesAdam Szirmai and Wim Nadue (2011). Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development. regular army Oxford University Press. p8. Advameg, Inc. (N/A). ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Availablehttp//www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Di-Eq/Entrepreneurship.htmlb. Last accessed 18/11/2012. Gina Colarello OConnor (2000). Radical Innovation How Mature Companies Can Outsmart Upstarts. Boston, Mass Harvard Business School Press. p5. Herman E. Daly (1997). Bey ond growth Economics of Sustainable Development. N/A Beacon Press New edition. p13. Jeffry Timmons (1989). The Entrepreneurial Mind. Andover, Mass Brick House Pub. Co., p1. Joseph Schumpeter (1989). The possible action Of Economic Development. Harvard University New Brunswick and London. p67. Joseph Schumpeter (1989). The Theory Of Economic Development. Harvard University New Brunswick and London. p79. Poh Kam Wong, Yuen Ping Ho, Erkko Autio. (2005). Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth. Evidence from GEM data. 24 (3), p339. UN. (1987). World Commission on Environment and Development. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. 96th (42/187), 43.

The New Subjects in Romantisism

During the Romantic Period there seemed to be revolution in the air. The American Revolution and the French Revolution of 1789 had a spectacular impact on literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This impact can be seen throughout Romantic literature bargonly especi exclusivelyy in the land of new field of operationss. Before the 19th century authors tended to write slightly the aristocratic class. There was nonhing written for or about the common people. There are three areas in which the discussion lead direction upon in the area of new subjects. The first area will focus on the children, the second will be women, and the third will be the new attitude towards theology.The Romantic period strongly emphasized the lives of children. Authors writing at that time did not just look at children playing outside unless within real life situations. Writing started to be explored in the delivery of the common man. The topics presented by most of these authors appealed to the general public. Today, the area of children within literary head for the hillss does not seem revolutionary. At this time, however, there were no writings that reflected the day-after-day lives of children.The first important poem in the Romantic period with regards to children is by William Blake, The Chimney Sweep. This poem focuses upon the tremendous abuse of children during this time. This poem portrays visions of death throughout were all of them lockd up in coffins of black(Norton 31). This quote catches the endorsers attention with a vision of death. These children talked of death very candidly because they died young. The sweeper almost inevitably would have died in the lead he even knew how to live life. They worked in horrible labor conditions with no sign of relief because there were no labor laws. These children mainly died from consumption of the feel within the shaft or by an accident.We are Seven by William Wordsworth refers frequently to children. This poem is told from the perspective of a seven-year-old girl. A young girl as the center of the poem would have been unheard of in earlier periods. The little girl has a brother and a sister who have died. The girl shows the reader the presence of another reality. The audience could not have understood this new reality we before the entrance of a childs perspective. The child has seven people in the family but two are dead. The little girls reality is different than the readers. She believes her family members are with her even though they are really dead. These two poems impacted the populace to be aware of the exploitation of children and their understandings of the world.Frankenstein also addresses the concept of children in literature. Mary Shelly does it on several occasions. The first reference to children in the book is when superscripts brother is killed. Only in the Romantic Period do readers see the concept of death of children. Also on another occasion within the novel the talk centers on children migrating because of war. In earlier novels the role of children was not predominant.Another area in which the Romantic writings were opened were the writings on and by women. The most influential work would be Mary Wolst unrivalledcrafts work The Vindication of The Rights of Woman. There are many points that are brought to light within this work. Wolstonecraft calls for the education of all people, including women. She does not want to check women for the amusement of men, but for intellectual stimuli. She tires to argue for womens education in a subtle way. She argues for the education of women to be for the betterment of the populace.Wolstonecraft tries to make the point that the education of women would be in a good light. She argues that the education of women would create stability within the home. Husbands and wives will be able to hold a substantive conversation they will become the friend, and not the humble dependant of her husband(Norton 113). W ollstonecraft was able to write in this way because she herself was educated. Her relationship with her husband was one of a mutual affection not a necessity, and he was not threatened by this.Women threatened other contemporary males during this time. As seen here from a journal called Gentlemans Magazine in April 1799In the general confusion of ideas, religious, moral, and political, we are not surprised to find claims set up for the female sex, unsupported we must say by prescription, but we are justified in saying by reason. Mrs. R. avows herself of the school of Wollstonecroft and that is enough for all who have any regard to decency, order, or prudence, to avoid her company. She has traveled for her proceeds and what are the blessed fruits of her travels? Let the motley list of heroines subjoined to this letter, and the anecdotes of female characters, of all descriptions, interspersed in it, speak for themselves. (Randall 1)This is an illustration of how men felt at this time . This also shows that not everyone was inclined to recognize the new subjects. (The Mrs. R refers to Mary Robinson a contemporary of Wolstonecraft) oneness of the most intriguing works we read was The Lady of Shalott. This poem was in long form but it captured life in a different light. The poem depicts women looking at life only through a mirror. She watches her self-colored existence through the mirror, until she finally needs to see with her own eyes what has happened. The meaning of this poem can be interpreted in many ways. One way is that woman are watching the world pass them by without trying to taking part in everyday actions.Another area in which women were making their mark was writing the literature. Mary Wollstonecraft started the chain of events. She was one of the first women noticed for her writings. Her daughter Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley made great strides as a writer also at this time. These authors also made women more human. Women, not only did they cook and clean but also they even did other things.The third area to look at when addressing new subjects is beau ideal. There were many writings on the role of God before this period. The Bible being the best example tells of God the friend and God the punisher. William Blake illustrates poetry best in relation to God. The two poems that gave us the best look at, the two different versions of, God are The lamb and The Tyger. In these two poems Blake takes two very different views. The lamb is the traditional symbol for the flock of God. He challenges the idea of Christ the lamb with the repetitive nature. He repeatedly asks the question who made thee? referring to who created a creature like the lamb (Norton 29).In the Tyger the same question of who made thee? comes up (Norton 37). This vicious animal and huntsman is he too one of Gods creatures. This asks the question What king of immortal hand or eye/ could frame thy fearful symmetry? The questioning of what kind of perfection made yo u, the lamb and tyger. Then the next question asked is Did he who made the lamb make thee? seemingly the answer being yes it is the same god.Blake seems to question God several times within his poetry. The next one that sticks out particularly is The Divine Image where he continues to question what God really is. To mercy, Pity, Peace and slam sets the tone for the rest of the poem. He tells of how we are all Gods children so we better be good to one another. He stresses the idea of equality here.There are also two stories that come to mind when discussing God as a new subject. The first is the Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Colleridge. In this neat story we see a man on a journey. His journey starts not at the beginning of the trip to the South Pole, but it begins when he kills a bird. He shoots it with a crossbow. The symbolism behind the crossbow may mean he killed Jesus. Then when He goes through all the pains and anguish, he is forgiven for killing one of Gods creature s.The next story that comes to expresses God in the area of new subjects is Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. This novel shows God in a very different light. Victor is shown as a God because he has created a creature outside of his own blood. Victor is faced with a choice whether or not to repose or create a new creature. The Frankenstein book looked at the idea of God in a new fashion. Shelly tries to show us that our obsessions draw great light upon us. Mary Shelley shows how our obsessions draw light upon us in two ways. If we are obsessed with doing something when it happens we are let down. The second way that obsession affects us is that if we do not do something it may kill us.There were many new subjects that were addressed by Romantic poets and authors alike in regards to new subjects. The subject area of children is still being explored today. Once the subject area of children was opened the writing world has not been the same. In the area of women Vindication came when that w ork was published. It did not free women but gave them rights that they had not ever had before. In the area of God there was a great deal of questioning taking place. The entrance of Darwin and its legitimization raised questions pertaining to god. These new subjects were vital to the Romantic period and every piece of writing afterward.

AIDS/HIV

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( assist) is the progression of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus). AIDS is the final stage of the development of HIV. Without receiving treatment, an HIV infected someone commonly develops AIDS within 10 years (Advert.org, 2007). In order to understand AIDS, you must understand where it comes from HIV.HIV is a virus, transmitted from one person who is infected to another person who is not infected. HIV attacks the resistant arrangement and kills a specific system cell called a CD4 lymphocyte (Advert.org, 2007). HIV is a rapid mutating virus, which helps it form being destroyed by the resistive systems natural defenses.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the first clement case of HIV appe bed in a male from the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1959. It is unheard-of exactly how he became infected (CDC.gov, 2007). The CDC stated (2007)For many years scientists theorized as to the origi ns of HIV and how it appe ard in the forgiving population, most believing that HIV originated in other primates.Then in 1999, an international team of researchers reported that they had notice the origins of HIV-1, the predominant strain of HIV in the certain world. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa had been identified as the original source of the virus.The researchers believe that HIV-1 was introduced into the human population when hunters became exposed to infected strain (CDC.gov, 2007).In America, the first cases of AIDS occurred in the beginning of the 1980s. There had been a few cases of homosexual men who developed opportunist nookycers or infections that did not respond to treatment attempts. AIDS was not yet named. AIDS was later on identified in 1982.There are four main stages that compose HIV infection primary infection, clinically asymptomatic stage, symptomatic HIV infection, and progression from HIV to AIDS (Advert.org). Primary infect ion is similar to the flu, with symptoms that are characteristic of the flu virus. This stage only lasts a few weeks. During this stage, diagnosis is often missed (Advert.org, 2007) The clinically asymptomatic stage can have an average duration of ten years. There are usually no symptoms during this time. Antibody tests, however, can be positive for HIV.The viral load test plays an important role in treatment. It measures the amount of HIV that enters the lymph nodes, where the virus tends to gravitate to (Advert.org, 2007). The symptomatic HIV infection stage shows more symptoms. This is because the immune system has been damaged quite a bit more. The symptoms can start out weak and sprain stronger as the immune system deteriorates further. During this time, many opportunistic infections and cancers appear (Advert.org, 2007). The final stage is the progression from HIV to AIDS. A person with HIV will be diagnosed with AIDS when they develop a low look of T helper cells. They may also be diagnosed with AIDS if they have several opportunistic infections or cancers (Advert.org).The symptoms of AIDS can vary. Most symptoms are caused by infections. Many are similar to the flu virus, such(prenominal) as fever, chills, and weakness. Major pulmonary illnesses that can occur are pneumocystis pneumonia and tuberculosis.Major gastrointestinal illnesses that can occur are esophagitis and chronic diarrhea. Major neurological illnesses that can occur are toxoplasmosis, which infects the brain, eyes, or lungs, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which causes impertinence impulse impairment, AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and cryptoccal meningitis, which can be fatal if not treated (Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, 2007).Major opportunistic cancers occur in people with HIV, and almost always signal progression to AIDS. The following malignant cancers can lead to an AIDS diagnosis Kaposis sarcoma the most common type of tumor found in HIV+ people affects the sk in, mouth, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract B-cell lymphomas the presence of these cancers almost guarantees a person has progressed to AIDS cervical cancer In women with HIV, this cancer is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)With a weakened immune system, HIV+ people can also develop a large amount of infections that can be bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral in nature. The following are descriptions of some of the possibilities, provided by MayoClinic.org (2006)

Media on Children

At an early age books, movies, television, and the Internet influence how our children ring and act in a variety of ways. As children grow these media influences become even more powerful. The media influences on children is not always a good influence and p bents need to baffle this influence by discussing and monitor what their children are exposed to. The media often stereotypes people and races. Most childrens programming deals in absolutes reinforcing the idea that people are good or bad, stupid or smart and because of their inexperience children will latch onto stereotypes that they follow.Parents hatful check this stereotyping by commenting when a group is portrayed inaccurately. Let your children know for example that every blond isnt stupid, and tiring black doesnt make you a bad guy. Point out that everyone has good and bad traits. So, often in the media a character is either good or bad, but in real life this is not the case. The media uses its influence on children to market items and influence your childs desires making them think that they need certain items to be public or cool.My children often comment on things that they saw in commercials. The other day my son told me that I should get a kitchen chopper, because it can cut things up so much faster than I can using a knife. I replied that I dont need a kitchen chopper because a knife deeds just fine. Every year children influence their parents spending by convincing them to buy things that the media has portrayed as cool. Children recognize name-brand products at an early age because they see them in the media.My children recognized the McDonalds sign by age trinity even though we never eat there, because they saw commercials on television. Counteract the market by pointing out the faulty logic in commercials. Ask your child if they really think having the current toy will make them more popular or happy. Children often dont realize that a Barbie wont incline around like it does on the commercials or that the elaborate set doesnt come with the toy. Parents can teach their children that things do not equal happiness.Try rewarding with praise and time instead of objects. My children know that they dont get what they see on television and they rarely ask. Life on many television shows and movies is far from normal. They often glamourise potentially destructive behaviors like drinking, drugs, affairs, and intimate teen relationships. As a parent you can counteract the medias influence by pointing out how the actions of the people on screen are potentially dangerous. Alcohol commercials never show the hangovers the next day.Rarely does a teenage girl get pregnant or soulfulness contract a sexually transmitted disease in the media. Research done by some(prenominal) RAND and the University of North Carolina also shows that teenagers who are exposed to more sex talk and acts in the media are more likely to engage in those same behaviors themselves. Dr. Brown, one of the researchers says, Teens are defaulting to entertainment media for sexual information because they arent acquiring this information in other places. Unfortunately, the media arent the best sex educators.The media tend to leave out the crucial three Cs commitment, contraception and consequences. The study on media influence on children also pointed out that parents could have a greater impact on their teens sexual behavior than the media when they talk about it. Taking the time to discuss the things that our children public opinion in the media will ensure that they are learning the things that we want them to and not the lessons that the media might be educational activity thus avoiding negative influence of media.

Crj 100

Assignment 1 Robert D. Brown Professor Aprille W. Campbell Lithonia Campus CRJ 100 April 13, 2013 STRAYER UNIVERSITY pic The savage justice carcass is a group of component agencies, which consist of the police, followed by the courts, and the corrections. Each component supports each other to turn over the overall success of the criminal justice system. The system begins with the police where the law is enforced, if a crime is committed it is the policeman duty to investigate and apprehend the criminals for questioning.These atomic number 18 not the only functions of the police according to firedog Schmalleger Criminal rightness Today Eleventh Edition the police enforce the law, investigate crimes, apprehend offenders, constrain and prevent crimes, maintain public order, ensure public safety, provide emergency and related community services, and cheer the fundamental rights and freedom of individuals. Many individuals look at the policeman as the BAD GUY save this is a very important job and is critical to the criminal justice system. The criminal courts system is the import phase of the criminal justice system.Is very important to maintain professionalism at all times, delightfulness, integrity, and impartiality is evaluate of all criminal justice personnel at every stage of the criminal case helping. During this surgical operation it is the duty of the courts to ensure that the highest standards and expectations ar met and maintained during the entire criminal courts process. The criminal courts must conduct fair and impartial trials, decide criminal cases, and ensure due process, the idea that laws and legal proceedings must be fair.The Constitution guarantees that the government cannot take away a persons basic rights to life, liberty or property, without due process of law. Courts have issued numerous rulings about what this means in particular cases, (According to www. lectlaw. com). The courts system must determine guilt-ridden or innoc ent, and only impose sentences on guilty personnel. The criminal justice system is targetd to abet the law and be fair throughout out the justice process. Protect the freedom and rights of anyone facing process by the justice system, and must provide a check on the exercise of power by other justice system agenciesThe third and final stage of the criminal justice system is the correctional agencies, once an offender has been sentenced, the corrections stage begins. Once in the correctional system there are more local procedures and the individual are assigned to confinement facilities and treatment facilities. All correctional facilities are charged to provide safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders. Some criminals with minimal offenses are housed in lower security facilities and have many more privileges. Those with more serious crimes such as rape, killers, and form crimes are housed in the maximum security facilities.The purpose of the correctional facility is to punish criminals for their crimes and depending on the charge try to rehabilitate the individual, followed by reform, and reintegrate convicted offenders back into the community. The rehabilitation phase is a lengthy process, which includes counseling, and many different classes that are designed to help the convicted offenders make better choices in life. The correctional facility lots has repeat offenders some of these crimes are Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault, Burglary, Larceny-theft, and Motor Vehicle Theft.While serving time in a correctional facility, the legal and human fights of the convicted must be treated with respect at all times. The criminal justice system is a long and drawn out process, that has many steps to ensure that everyone is authorize to fairness and equal treatment. Without following the correct procedures, in the criminal justice system there could be errors that could include false imprisonment, and could create many other problems for the cr iminal justice system. References Frank Schmalleger Criminal Justice Today Eleventh Edition, Retrieved April 13, 2013 www. lectlaw. com

Fashion, Fade and Craze in Adolesence

Fashion and teen long timers Fashion is a popular way of behaving which includes a popular demeanor of clothes, hair, etc, at a particular period of time. Fashion began from the early stone age and lots of upheaval have occurred till now. Len the early age people used to be half(prenominal) naked and wear dresses made from animal skins, leaves etc. And carry different weapons like bows arrows, spear heads which resembles that they argon following the fashionable trends present at that time.I was highly influenced by what French designer Coco vallecula once said , Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening. Fashion and our lives is interlaced with one another and it is reflected by our contemporary life activities. The teenagers ar more often than not attracted to the western fashion culture and they are triggered by the exotic western dresses like beautiful raiment etc.Students want to give rise the unique image and for them fashion is like a way to express their familiar self and by having the latest clothing they want to look cool. Many of them think fashion helps them create an aural psychic influence and it pervades and highlights their resend in the surroundings. Teens are mostly influenced by the latest trends ,colorful designs outfits. And there wardrobe is full of different brands which like Giorgio Airman, Dior,Levis,Gucci,Louis Button, Denim .Both boys and girls awesomely like to wear casual dress and formal style will be used only in the serious environments like when having a ceremony or performing business meetings, official talks and seminars. Teenagers are mostly inspired and influenced by their celebrities, models and fashion media and the college boys and girls are also trying to leonine themselves. Their fashion icons are their all time favorites artists which teaches them how to innovate ,develop and create newfound sty lish things and from them they also learnt that how to look the worlds from the new perspective. En of the teenager said that the role models provide hike to them for doing the right things in a friendly way.

Book Report: Doing English

WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE Class VHVH 01 Group 4 defecate Le Kim Ha Anh Student ID 0957010009 Writing Book Reports DOING ENGLISH A GUIDE FOR LITERATURE STUDENTS (Robert Eaglestone) bedded in the list of to a greater extent than 700 thousands of the worlds best-selling books, Doing English is really a good choice that mandatory for the study of English college students.The author of the book Robert Eaglestone, a lecturer in English at violet Hollo government agency, University of London, and Series Editor of Routledge Critical Thinkers explain why they are canvas this books aims to taper you, by explaining what you are doing when you are doing English to equip you, by explaining basic winder ideas to encourage you to duad the gap between English before and English in higher education (page 3). Robert clearly defines that recitation audience is college students. As a university lecturer, the author directs the reader to study English in attitude towards new literary approache s.It is also considered as Roberts lecture and the whole experience after numerous eld of studying and teaching in English. Readers can find a clear organization in the evade content with four parts which are named shortly and forcefully. At the start out of each part thither is al substances a brief with questions. Questions can also be found at the beginning of many chapters and texts with key words italicized. This helps readers stimulate their thoughts which guide the direction of the text with a central focus by devising a thesis.Readers are asked about the posit that the authors thesis should answer then. The much the author keeps giving questions and key words even in the introduction, the more he keeps readers attention from beginning to end. Moreover, Robert utilizes a reasonable writing style with unbiased and succinct language. Layout of a text includes brief questions, brief introduction, content and summary. Readers bequeath find their expectations satisfied in the content that he drug ab practises multilevel lists in more detail order chapters, headings, subheadings and bullets.English is a subject in most education systems of the countries in the world, as good as a science requires meticulous research. Doing English defines the development of English as a subject since the nineteenth century and draws the changes in thinking about English in a neat approach. It is a new free terminology, vocabulary polyphonic and complex syntax that characterize many works of literary theory. It explains abstract ideas in the remaining conditions as well as literary approach really makes confusions.Concepts or definitions given by the author are not merely explained, but they are placed in specific circumstances. For archetype, when referring to achievements of Leavises (page 15), Robert do not codify the idea, which he summarizes them in list format, and confirms that is the traditional method. then(prenominal) in the next chapter Doing English t oday, the author introduces the concepts of traditional Leavis method and the way they approach in literature (page 21). Robert always has objective perspective on the study of English.He does not equate everything, instead that, he uses his graphical visual to point out the influence of different cultures which also affect each persons ability to interpret. effective as you cant jump higher than your shadow, you cant escape your location in the world, said Robert (page 21). This can be approved that he evaluates the traditional method rather than defy it. He reviews literature method higher than traditional method. Critical method is the right way to literature approaches that he offers different methods and specific examples (page 25). The power of words is enormous.Robert has just the right attitude to use English by explaining how he used words in this book read and Interpreting. This means that reading and interpreting mean almost the same, and youll see I use the words alm ost as synonyms in this book (page 20). Also, this might be considered the maximum that the author used his own words to explain the terms that he uses throughout the book, such as taken for granted, text, presupposition, etc. This is also a good way for students to easily take notes and keep abreast of knowledge in the content based on key words.The author also uses illustrations and clear diagrams to help readers easily visualize (page 22, 24). Students who are studying this book will clearly see the relationship between the content and the reader that Robert Eaglestone wants to achieve. The theories given seem to be schoolman but they are interpreted by the authors teaching experience. In this book there are many proper names who are Ph. D. , professor from prestigious universities. Robert mentions them with their study of language, especially in English. Robert had read a lot, studied and made comments, critics on their methods.This proves that he is knowledgeable and highly q ualified, and carefully studied English as well. This is a book for students of literature. It intends to provoke them to reconsider the role of literature in their vivification by the way they read the story and the way in which they are shaped. Chapter 4 in give way 1 Critical attitude (page 39 46) is a good chapter for the literature approaches of students in critical thinking. From the example of enjoying a picture, Robert points out the contrast occurs in thinking about literature.A flat looking at, or essential to have depth depends on how we choose the direction of thinking to literary progenys. Robert in turn introduces twain concepts of critical attitudes which are all sticking to the content of the text. Each attitude is specifically analyzed in terms of concepts and examples. Robert also explains why there are two such patterns. In addition, Robert also clarifies the issue by comparing table to help students easily compare and draw critical attitudes for themselves . If you know why you are studying something, the subject becomes easier to understand, Robert says (page 2). Parents have to get all their kids to nursery schools that have no car parking space. So what do people do? They break the rules Language is the same. It has rules but it breaks them whenever it take to, a comment from an audience about Doing English (on amazon. com). Literature is no exception as it comes from the language. The look upon of literary art depends on each persons aesthetic level.As for Robert, No definitions of literature seem to be equal to(predicate) literature overflows or escapes from any attempt to categorize it (page 59). Therefore, getting access to the literature should not be something so rigid that it is confined to the framework whether it has certain rules. In the third part with chapter 6 Doing Shakespeare, authors use some drafts interweaving the text. This helps Robert insert additional information. This is the knowledge of Shakespeare whic h helps people understand more about the great British playwright, who has employed English views on his timeless masterpieces. Excellent Doing English a though-provoking and accessible argument exploring the ever-changing character of English Literature as it has developed outside the school curriculum over the utmost century said The English and Media Magazine. In terms of science, book critics appreciate that this book is considered as a scientific research of Robert. To the end of the books content, the name of the last part is left with fault points English studies Is it an open-ended part? The author seems to be modest for the next generation to fill in the gap and to add more in this research.

Liturgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Liturgy - Essay ExampleThe homily is always on the gospel of the day. Considering the current universal trends and developments in worship, this enunciatement is being tested for validity in the wakeful of the Church of Englands Sunday Lectionary and Calendar of commons Worship. A lectionary is simply a list of give-and-take passages assigned to be read in designated eld of the year. Although the Church of England does not prescribe which Bible deracination to be used, the Common Worship Lectionary, which has a two-strand approach, is being adopted one strand for special days and tempers and another strand for ordinary time (Horton et al, 2001). The church calendar being observed by the Angli git church is the same calendar being used by the traditional Christian churches. The calendar begins with the season of Advent in preparation for Christmas, followed by Christmas itself, then the Epiphany, then Lent with its conclusion at Pentecost (Common Worship, 2000).The Common Worsh ip was the result of the incorporation of the improvements in the Alternative Service Book of the Church of England and was done to deliver the goods overall uniformity in worship down to the local congregation (Horton et al, 2001). Latest improvements pertained specifically to providing tractableness in the substance and form of worship at the local service level. The question that invites contemplation and oceanic abyss analysis is In the light of this flexibility, how does it affect the homily? Must the homily always be on the gospel of the day, following the guidance of the Lectionary and the Calendar?The homily is delivered by the presiding priest or pastor pay off after the proclamation of the assigned Scripture reading, usually a gospel passage, during a worship observation as in the sacrifice of the mass. Being characteristically subjective in form and substance, the homily can have the tendency to veer away from its original intention, depending on the frame of mind and emotional state of the preacher. In a number of instances, the

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

History - Essay ExampleSecular hu humanityism however presents a counselling of living for the human beings and suggests that following religion does not specifies if a man is good or not, a man can lead a good life by doing good to the people and the environment around him and bringing peace and harmony to everyone in the society. This is the only way he can lead a happy and successful life. Secular humanism stresses on the limpid reasoning of things before pass judgment them and the concept of accepting things on the basis of religious beliefs is totally rejected. fit to the ideology presented by Secular Humanism, humans should utilize their power to think and reason before accepting or rejecting any idea and their decisions should be ground on logical reasoning and not on the illogical and inherited religious beliefs. Secular Humanism persuades human mind to indulge in study and logical reasoning the ability of logical reasoning is developed by learning the arts. Secular Hum anism is neither a religion nor follows the dictionary meaning of the word secular because it upholds the concept of human self-worth and stresses the followers to practice moral and ethical values in their lives. According to the secular humanism ideology, the fuck off of life of a human is to achieve high levels in moral and ethical conduct and manage the mankind. The humans are supposed to develop themselves and achieve young heights because the process of evolution is lifelessness in progress. According to secular humanism, the human life ends with death and there is no life after death and humans are not answerable to anyone. Therefore it is antagonistic to religious beliefs because the concept of divinity fudge and life after death is absent however it can still be classified as a religion if religion is defined as a set of beliefs and a way of life. The field today has about 40-50 million followers of this ideology. (428 words) Printing Press and Religion With the inve ntion of the printing process take in the 15th century remarkable changers were observed in literature, learning and religion. The idea of printing insistence and moveable type was first perceived by Gutenberg and he put together paper, winepress and oil based ink, three different technological developments of that time. The arrangement he formulated could be used for printing books and in this way the first printing press was invented. The invention of printing press brought a revolution in reading and writing and this also included the religious reading because prior to this invention, the books and written literature was not accessible to everyone and was also very expensive. The objective of the development and invention of the printing press was to lower knock off the prices of the books and to produce them in large numbers so that more and more people could learn from books and the Bible. more and more books were made available to the common people and learning and the tra nsfer of familiarity became very frequent. The printing press initiated the information revolution because printing allowed the quick transfer of a large amount of knowledge with ease. The effect of printing was very evident in the population because people started reading and learning new skills and techniques which helped them develop themselves into useful individuals of the society. Moreover with the invention of printing press more educational institutions and libraries were opened and rotatory

Interior Design spaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interior Design spaces - Essay ExampleThe contrasts ar soft, the black and white photo that is over enlarged on the wall reflecting the hues of violet. While strictly taken as minimalist, the uses of deform soften the overall look. The bedroom in Fig. 1 has the same concept of color use, the mildly acidic green in a wide variation of hue, mostly in the middling range. While the violet and white of Fig.2 seem to have a range deep down the same color, the super acid have a variation of to tones, one slightly more yellow than the other. The fastidious motif set up the color throughout the room, allowing for interest and movement. Both rooms use a circular motif with artistic touches to define the design elements of the space. Both rooms use a dark floor that contrasts against the white pieces within the room, creating a lifted feel to the rooms that keeps the focus high. The focal points within the space is not link up to the function of either room, but what specifically relat es the room in Fig. 1 to the room in Fig. 2 is that they are about the color story that is told. While the rooms are similar, the difference that can be appreciated is that the color usage in Fig. 2 is softened through the combination with the tones of grey, while the tones in Fig. 1 stand in high contrast, the greens up against the bright white.

UK economy during 2008 recession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UK economy during 2008 recession - Essay ExampleIt is worth mentioning that decline in consumption has calculate adverse impacts upon production, which then leads to closure of businesses followed by retrenchment and unemployment. Also, the subprime mortgage property crises in USA foundinged closures, mergers and acquisitions of US financial institutions, but it also negatively affected UK investment, commercial banks and financial institutions as they were among the businesses that also make huge investments in US banking and property sectors. Finally, this led to a credit crunch like stake that sabotaged the financial position of UK banks, which were facing liquidity problems and were reluctant in sanctioning loans to borrowers. Finally, the expectations and forecasts that UK economy would contract by more than 2 2.5% in 2009 also aggravated the situation and interest straddles were reduced to 3% from 4.5% by Federal Bank after instructions of UK politics regarding formulatio n of new monetary polity to reduce business costs, to boost investors and consumers morale and to trigger greater purchase responses. Recall that economic speculation argues that the greater the number of transactions and consumption level, the more employment and jobs opportunities will create due to ninefold exchanges of bills among people (Hetzel, 2009). As far as the fiscal indemnity is concerned, it should be pointed out that UK government announced financial bailout packages of ?12bn and ?18bn so that it could pump money in the economy to eradicate liquidity crises and trigger consumer purchase responses. In addition, the government also announced tax cuts (direct and indirect levies) so that businesses could ensure their choice in challenging external business environment. Had the above measures not been taken, the UK cumulative negative GDP egression rate had surpassed 3% due to credit crunch and rising debts (Wren-Lewis, 2010). 2. Explain UK monetary and fiscal polic y during the crisis according to IS - LM model. It is worthwhile to mention the fact that IS LM model shows the relationship between authentic interest rate and output level. The IS curve shows the corresponding interest rate that clears the good foodstuff. The IS curve slopes down because the aggregate output increases at low real interest rates and vice versa. Indeed, IS curve is derived from changes in desired investment and desired saving in an economy. The LM curve shows the real interest rate that clears the summation market. For instance, the LM curve is actually derived from changes in real money supply and real money demand. In addition, economic theory talks about Full Employment Line that shows the labour market equilibrium i-e employment and output are at Full employment level. As far as the UK economy is concerned, I would assume that the IS LM had been in general equilibrium prior to recession i-e the goods, asset and labour market were in equilibrium simultaneous ly. Real interest IS LM Equilibrium point proceeds Now when UK economy entered in recession, the UK government changed the monetary and fiscal policies that would cause teddy bears in IS and LM curves. For example, the drop-off in nominal interest rate on money will reduce money demand, thereby reducing the real interest rate that clears asset market and causing a downward shift in LM curve. Similarly, increasing nominal money supply in market through remark package will reduce real interest rat